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Module4CarnivalSectionⅢGrammar复习被动语态语境自主领悟先观察原句1.Today，carnivalinVeniceiscelebratedforfivedaysinFebruary.2.Iftheybrokethelaws，theywereputintoprisonforuptotwoyears.3.Thepartywillbeheldinfivedays.4.Twohundredtreeshavebeenplantedsincethemancamehere.语境自主领悟后自主感悟1.句1用了的被动语态，其构成为“am/is/are＋过去分词”。2.句2用了一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为“”。3.句3用了的被动语态，其构成为“will/shall＋be＋过去分词”。4.句4用了现在完成时的被动语态，其构成为“______________________________”。have/has＋been＋一般现在时was/were＋过去分词一般将来时过去分词语法精要点拨一、被动语态的基本时态变化1．各种时态被动语态的构成被动语态由助动词be和及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态可用于各种时态，其时态变化通过助动词be的不同形式来体现。时态动词的被动形式例句一般现在时am/is/aredoneEnglishistaughtinmostschools.一般过去时was/weredoneTheletterwastypedonthecomputer.一般将来时shall/willbedoneTheproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.现在进行时am/is/arebeingdoneThebridgeisbeingbuilt.过去进行时was/werebeingdoneAtthattimethedeskwasbeingrepaired.现在完成时have/hasbeendoneThehousehasbeenbuilt.过去完成时hadbeendoneTheysaidthattheirworkhadbeenfinished.过去将来时wouldbedoneHesaidthetreeswouldbeplantedsoon.2.被动语态的特殊形式(1)含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词Somethingmustbedonetostopthewaterfrombeingpolluted.必须采取措施来制止水受到污染。(2)“get＋过去分词”式被动语态在口语和非正式的语体中，常用“get＋过去分词”表示被动语态，其中get相当于be动词，起助动词的作用。这种形式一般用来谈论突然发生的事，通常只表示动作，不表示状态。Someglassesgotbrokenwhenweweremoving.我们搬家时有些玻璃杯被打碎了。[即时训练1]完成句子①We(不允许)toenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.②Thebook(已经出版)andyoucanbuyoneinthelocalbookstore.③Tomalwayshadthefeelingthatthey(正在被监视)．werebeingwatchedarenotallowedhasbeenpublished④Measures(一定要采取)topreventthewaterfrombeingpolluted.⑤Thehall(正在建造)．Iwonderwhetherit(将完成)attheendoftheyear.willbefinishedmustbetakenisbeingbuilt二、主动形式表示被动意义1．当look，sound，smell，taste，feel，prove，remain，stay等作系动词时。Thesoupsmellsgoodbuttastesterrible.这种汤闻起来不错，但太难喝了。Thetheoryprovedtobecorrect.这个理论证明是正确的。2．表示主语某种属性、特征的动词如read，sell，write，wash，wear等。Thiskindofbooksellswell.这种书很畅销。Theshirtwasheswell.这衬衫很好洗。3．表示开始、结束、运动的动词如begin，start，finish，stop，open，close等。Theshopclosesat6p．m.everyday.商店每天下午6点关门。[即时训练2]单句语法填空①Yourreason(sound)reasonable.②Mypen(write)quitesmoothly.③Wemustgettherebeforethelecture(begin)．soundswritesbegins三、使用被动语态应注意的问题1．不及物动词及短语不能用于被动语态。常见的有：rise，appear，disappear，happen，occur，breakout，takeplace，runout，giveout(用完，耗尽)等。Mymoneyhasrunout.Canyoulendmesome?我的钱用完了，你能借给我一些吗？2．在主动语态里，感官动词和使役动词后面跟不带to的不定式作宾补，但变为被动语态时，须带to。IoftenhearhersingEnglishsongs.→SheisoftenheardtosingEnglishsongsbyme.我经常听见她唱英语歌。3．带有介词或副词的动词短语用作被动语态的谓语时，介词或副词不能省略。Sheoftenlooksaftertheoldman.→Theoldmanisoftenlookedafterbyher.她经常照顾这位老人。4．含有双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：一是将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；二是将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语前加介词to或for。Hermotherboughtheracomputer.→Shewasboughtacomputerbyhermother.→Acomputerwasboughtforherbyhermother.她妈妈给她买了一台电脑。[即时训练3]单句改错①Atrafficaccidentwashappenednearourschoollastnight._____________②GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChinainthepastfiveyears.____________③Atallmanwasseengointotheroomjustnow.去掉was去掉beengo前加to语法应用落实Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．TaiChi(call)“shadowboxing”inEnglish.2．Hermotherwasexcited.“Yourfatherhasatleastdecidedtostopsmoking，”Jane(inform)．3．Themachine(equip)withsecuringcamerasandalarms.4．Forthousandsofyears，thefestival(mark)byeatingzongziandracingdragonboatsinhonourofQuYuan.iscalledwasinformedisequippedhasbeenmarked5．Nowcollegegraduates(encourage)tostarttheirownbusiness，whichsoundsreallygoodforus.6．HegoestoaBuddhistmonkforadviceandexpectsto(tell)howtoliveamoresimplelife.7．Alotofattention(pay)togreenhousegasemission.Lookatthosepostersforenvironmentalprotection.8．AnEnglishtalkabouthowtolearnEnglishwell(give)thisSaturday.Wouldyouliketolistentoit?areencouragedbetoldisbeingpaidwillbegiven9．Ihaveboughttwoballpens，butneitherofthem(write)well.10．Becarefulnottoget(burn)bythesun.burntwritesⅡ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1．Themeetingwaslastedfornearlyfourhoursandmanypeoplefeltsleepy.2．Stopmakingnoise.Thenewsisbroadcastatthemoment.___________________3．Pauldoesn'thavetobemadestudy.Healwaysworkshard._______________study前加to去掉wasbroadcast前加being4．Thebirthdaycakewastasteddeliciousandsheateanotherpiece._____________5．Itwasthethirdtimehehadinterruptedbytheknocksatthedoor._____________________6．Heappearedonthestageandwaswarmlyapplaudingbytheaudience._____________________7．Thedishestastingsodeliciouscookedbymyfather.__________________去掉wasinterrupted前加beenapplauding→applaudedcooked前加were8．TeainChinawastraditionallydrankfromcupswithouthandles._____________9．Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesandhighqualityoilareusingforcooking.10．Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriousproblem.drank→drunkusing→used去掉beenThankyouforwatching!