Module3AdventureinLiteratureandtheCinemaSectionⅢGrammar复习动词形式语境自主领悟先观察原句1.Idon'twanttoboardasinkingship.2.Whenheheardthat,thefrightenedmanonthefloorstartedcrying.3.ButIpersuadedhimtohelpme,andwefoundthemen'sboattiedtotheothersideofthesteamboat.4.Westayedinsidetheshelterwehadbuiltandlettheraftsaildowntheriver.5.Weclimbedquietlyinandaswepaddledawayweheardthetwomenshouting.6.ButalthoughIwasfrightened,Ialsofeltverycurious,soIputmyheadroundthedoor.语境自主领悟后自主感悟1.句1用动词不定式作。2.句2用过去分词作前置,动词ing形式作。3.句3和句4都用了动词不定式作,但句4的不定式省略了。4.句5用了动词ing形式作。5.句6用了过去分词作,另一个黑体词felt为动词,两个黑体词都构成了系表结构。宾语定语宾语宾补to宾补表语系语法精要点拨Ⅰ.非谓语动词一、动词不定式和动词ing形式作宾语1.常跟不定式作宾语的动词有:afford,hope,wish,decide,offer,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer等。ShepretendednottoseemewhenIcamein.当我进来时,她假装没有看见我。2.常跟动词ing形式作宾语的有admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,escape,excuse,imagine,mind,risk,suggest,beusedto,giveup,feellike,lookforwardto,getdownto等。Thedoctorsuggestedhimgivingupsmoking.医生建议他戒烟。[名师点津]不定式或动词ing形式作某些动词的宾语时,如果其后跟宾语补足语,这时常用it作形式宾语,而把不定式或动词ing形式后置。Theteacherfounditdifficulttobanstudentsfromcarryingmobilephones.老师发现禁止学生带手机很难。Hefeelsitnousetellingheraboutit.他觉得告诉她这件事是徒劳无益的。3.有些动词(短语)后既可接不定式作宾语,也可接动词ing形式作宾语,但在意义上有很大差异。forgettodosth.忘记去做某事未做forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事已做remembertodosth.记得去做某事未做rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事已做trytodosth.尽力去做某事trydoingsth.试着做某事regrettodosth.对即将做的事感到遗憾未做regretdoingsth.对做过的事感到后悔已做stoptodosth.停下来去做另一件事此处不定式作目的状语stopdoingsth.停止做某事meantodosth.打算做某事meandoingsth.意味着做某事goontodosth.继续做另一件事goondoingsth.继续做同一件事can'thelptodosth.不能帮助做某事can'thelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事Whatapoormemory!Iforgotborrowingmoneyfromhimyesterday.ButtodayIforgottoreturnthemoneytohim.多么差的记忆力!昨天我忘了向他借过钱,但今天我又忘了把钱还给他。—Thatwouldmeanwastingalotoflabor.那将意味着浪费很多劳动力。—Really?Idon'tmeantowasteanylabor.真的吗?我不打算浪费劳动力。[即时训练1]用所给词的适当形式填空①Alicesuggested(take)aphototogetherwiththebeautifulflowers.②Goon(do)theotherexercisesafteryouhavefinishedthisone.③Thegrasshasgrownsotallthatitneeds(cut).④Ienjoy(do)morningexercises,thoughitmeans(get)upearly.⑤Hecouldn'tafford(buy)ahousesohedecided(rent)one.takingtodocutting/tobecutdoinggettingtobuytorent二、动词不定式和动词ing形式作宾补1.常跟不定式作宾补的动词有:advise,allow,ask,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,invite,permit,persuade,tell,want,warn,wish等。Theteacherencouragedustowriteacompositioneveryweek.老师鼓励我们每周写一篇作文。2.感官动词和使役动词后面作宾补的不定式不带to,但变为被动语态,作主补的不定式需带to。常见的词有:一感觉:feel;二听:listento,hear;三使:let,have,make;五看:lookat;see,watch,notice,observe等。另外,help后作宾补的不定式符号to可有可无。Whatmadeyouchangeyourmind?什么使你改变了主意?Weoftenhearhimplaytheviolinathome.=Heisoftenheardtoplaytheviolinathome.我们经常听到他在家里拉小提琴。3.后接v.ing形式作宾语补足语的动词:感官动词(see,hear,watch,notice,listento,lookat),find,get,keep,leave,catch,have等。Theysawthewaterrunningdownfromthehighmountain.他们看到水从高山上流下来。Theyhadthelightburningallnightlong.他们整夜亮着灯。[名师点津]感官动词后接不定式和v.ing形式作宾补的区别:用v.ing形式作宾补时表示其动作正在进行;用不定式作宾补时表示动作已发生了,即动作全过程结束了。IheardhersinganEnglishsong.刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。IheardhersinginganEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.昨天经过她房间时,我听见她正在唱英文歌。[即时训练2]用所给词的适当形式填空①I'msorrytohavekeptyou(wait)forsuchalongtime.②Ifinallypersuadedmymother(give)memorefreedomonweekends.③Don'tforgettohaveHenry(come)tonight,becausethemeetingisextremelyimportant.④Iheldthelittlebirdinmyhandandfeltitsheart(beat).⑤Theoldmanwasoftenseen(stand)atthedoorofhishouse.waitingtogivecomebeatingtostand三、v.ing形式和v.ed形式作定语、表语1.v.ing形式作定语时与它修饰的名词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,表示动作的主动和进行;而v.ed形式作定语时与它修饰的名词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,表示动作的被动和完成。Doyouknowthegirldancingwithyourbrother?你认识正和你哥哥跳舞的那个女孩子吗?Heisateacherrespectedbyallhisstudents.他是一位受他的学生尊敬的老师。2.v.ing形式作表语表示主语的性质。常被译为“令人……的”;而v.ed形式作表语表示主语所处的状态或主语的感受。常被译为“感到……的”。Theboywasdisappointing.Hisparentsfeltdisappointed.这个孩子令人失望,他的父母感到很失望。[即时训练3]用所给词的适当形式填空①Haveyoueverreadanybooks(write)bythefamouswomanwriter?②Theboywas(disappoint).Heisalwaysmakingtroubleinclass.③Weshouldthinkofawaytomakehimbecome(interest)inourplan.writtendisappointinginterested④Thestonebridge,(build)fiftyyearsago,isstillingoodconditionnow.⑤Whentheysawthe(move)film,(excite)tearscameouttheireyes.builtmovingexcitedⅡ.系动词系动词亦称连系动词(LinkVerb),本身有词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起构成复合谓语。系动词主要分为以下六类:1.状态系动词:用来表示主语的状态,也叫be动词。IamastudentofGrade3.我是一名三年级的学生。2.持续系动词:用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand等。Healwayskeptsilentatmeetings.他开会时总保持沉默。3.表象系动词:用来表示“看起来”这一概念,主要有seem,appear,look等。Helookstired.他看起来很累。4.感官系动词:感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste等。Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.这种布手感很软。5.变化系动词:这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run等。Theweatherhasturnedcoldandwindy.天气变得寒冷多风。6.终止系动词:表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove,turnout等,表示“证明,证实”之意。Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.他的计划被证明是符合实际的。[名师点津]系动词(be除外)一般都需要跟形容词而非副词作表语;系动词一般没有被动语态。[即时训练4]完成句子①当他发现一些事情出错时,他看起来很担心。Whenhefoundsomething,he.②那个水果很不好吃,但是那个饥饿的孩子看起来好像吃得津津有味。Thefruit,butthehungryboy__________________hewasenjoyingit.seemed/appearedasifwentwronglookedveryworriedtastedterrible语法应用落实Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme(stay)andwatch.2.ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants(prove)thatshehas