当前贸易保护主义的新特点及我国应对策略研究

当前贸易保护主义的新特点及我国应对策略研究摘要:在世界经济发展的大趋势下,自由贸易一直占据主流地位。金融危机爆发后,保护贸易再度登场,并在国际贸易中扮演越来越重要的角色。受当前国际环境中不稳定性因素的影响,世界经济出现乏力增长。新兴国家的崛起和中国地位提升改变了当前的政治经济格局,使争夺世界利益的主体更加复杂化、多元化。失业问题和2012大选叠加也给各国带来巨大政治压力这些因素都促使得贸易保护主义再度抬头,并且得到升级创新。在其使用工具、保护的领域范围和实施保护的形式、主体等方面都出现新的特点、新的发展。因此,对当前贸易保护主义的新特点、新发展进行全面、深入的分析,从而制定出适当的应对策略,对我国经济和贸易发展都有深远的意义。自我国加入WTO以来,一直都是世界各国实施贸易保护的重点对象,这次也不例外。这除了与当前国际经济环境有关外,也有中国自身的发展原因。伴随着中国改革开放的深入及中国的和平崛起,贸易摩擦、贸易纠纷等都将成为中国对外贸易的必经之路。中国的崛起和快速发展也使中国面临的贸易保护情况更加复杂,在涉案的领域和产生纠纷的主体等方面都有不断扩大的趋势。此外,西方发达国家为促进本国产品出口,开始对我国体制和制度等方面进行指责、干预。这无疑使我国面临更加复杂的国际环境,阻碍我国发展。为研究如何应对当前贸易保护主义,本文先从历史各时期的贸易保护主义理论入手,用案例分析与数据分析相结合的方法,全面、深入的分析当前贸易保护主义的新特点、产生的原因及对我国的影响。根据这些研究,制定出政府、行业协会、企业三个层面的应对策略。首先,政府应积极参与到国际事务中去,为我国对外贸易发展营造一个良好的国际氛围。其次,行业协会应充分发挥自身功能,做好政府与企业的桥梁作用。再次,企业要全面提升应对当前贸易保护主义的能力。最后,在我国积极应对国外贸易保护主义时,还要注意到反补贴日益增多、体制制度干预等方面的问题,并妥善处理,避免为日后对外贸易留下隐患。关键词:国际贸易贸易保护主义贸易摩擦新特点策略AbstractAbstract:Inthegeneraltrendofdevelopmentoftheworldeconomy,thefreetradehasbeendominated.Afterthefinancialcrisis,tradeprotectioncomeagain,andintheinternationaltradeplaymoreimportantrole.Bythecurrentinternationalenvironmentfactorswhichinfluencethestability,theworldeconomyappearsweakgrowth.TheriseoftheemergingcountriesandChinachangedthecurrentstatusascensionpoliticalandeconomicsituation,makefortheinterestoftheworldbodymorecomplicated,diversified.Unemploymentand2012generalelectionforcountriesalsobringhugestackofpoliticalpressure.Thesearepromptedthetradeprotectionismlookedupagain,andgetpromotedinnovation.Initsusetools,protectionofthescopeandimplementfieldprotectionintheformofsubject,etc,allnewcharacteristics,andnewdevelopment.Therefore,thecurrenttradeprotectionismofnewfeaturesandnewdevelopmentmakesacomprehensiveandin-depthanalysis,andtoworkouttheappropriatestrategies,onourcontrieseconomicandtradedevelopmenthasprofoundsignificance.SinceChina’saccessiontotheWTO,hasbeenfromcountriesallovertheworldtradeprotectionontheimplementationoftheobject,thisisnoexception.Inadditiontothecurrentinternationaleconomicenvironmentrelatedoutside,alsohaveChina’sowndevelopmentcause.WiththedeepeningofreformandopeningupinChinaandChina’speacefulrise,tradefriction,tradedispute,etc.Willbethecountry’sforeigntrade”onlyway”.TheriseofChinaandChinaisalsofacedwiththerapiddevelopmentoftradeprotectionsituationmorecomplex,inthefieldofadisputeinvolvingandthemainbodyofthetrendoftheutteranceconstantly.Inaddition,thewesterndevelopedcountriestopromoteourcountryexport,andbegantooursystemofaccused,interventionsystem.Thisissuretomakeourcountryisfacedwithmorecomplexinternationalenvironment,andhinderthedevelopmentofourcountry.Astheresearchonhowtodealwiththetradeprotectionism,thispaperfirstfromtheperiodofhistorytheoryoftrade,withcaseanalysisanddataanalysisi,themethodofcombiningtheall-roundandin-depthanalysisofthecurrenttradeprotectionismofnewfeaturesandnewdevelopmentanditscausesisin.Accordingtothestudy,workoutthegovernment,thendustryassociation,theenterprisefromthethreeaspectsofstrategy.First,thegovernmentshouldactivelyparticipateininternationalaffairs,China'sforeigntradedevelopmenttocreateafavorableinternationalenvironment.Second,theindustryassociationshallgivefullplaytoitsownfunctions,completesthegovernmentandenterprisebridge.Onceagain,theenterprisemuststrengthenthedevelopmentofitself,fromcompletelyovercomeforeignprotectionism.Finally,inourcountryactivelyrespondtoforeigntradeprotectionism,butmustpayattentiontotheincreasingsubsidies,systemwith,andproperlyhandle,avoidlefthiddentroubleforfuturedevelopment.Keywords:InternationalTradeTradeProtectionismTradeFrictionNewFeaturesStrategyI目录一、绪论.......................................................................................................................................1（一）研究的背景及意义......................................................................................................1（二）研究的内容和框架......................................................................................................2（三）研究方法及创新点......................................................................................................41.研究方法........................................................................................................................42.创新点............................................................................................................................4（四）文献综述........................................................................................................................5（五）国际贸易保护的理论依据.........................................................................................61.重商主义时期的经济理论............................................................................................72.李斯特的保护幼稚工业理论........................................................................................73.凯恩斯的对外贸易乘数理论........................................................................................84.普雷维舒什贸易条件恶化论........................................................................................95.克鲁格曼的战略性贸易政策..................................................................