EducationModule2Unit3Languageinuse2Teachingaimsanddemands:1.Writingskill:Makingatimetableforyourschoolday.2.Tosummarizeandconsolidatetheuseofpronoun,prepositionsandprepositionalphrases.3.Affectionandattitudes:weshouldloveourschoolandformthehabitofreading.Objectives•Itookthemmyself.•Sooursisabitbigger.•Everyoneiswearingajacketandtie!•Wegotoschooleveryweekdayfrom8:45amto3:15pm.•Wehavealargesportsgroundforfootballandtennis,wherewecanplaybothduringandafterschoolhours.Presentation代词;介词与介词短语PresentationGrammar代词代词的种类:1.人称代词2.指示代词:3.物主代词主格:I,you,she,he,it,we,theythis,that,these,those形容词性:my,your,his,her,its,our,their名词性:mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs宾格:me,you,her,him,it,us,themPresentation4.反身代词:5.疑问代词:6.不定代词:myself,yourself,himself…what,which,who,whosesome,any,both,either,all,none,each,every,(a)few,(a)littlesomebody,anybody,everyone,something,nothing等Presentation1.人称代词的人称、数和格,如下表所示:复数单数youyouyouyou第二人称themtheyhimherithesheit第三人称uswemeI第一人称宾格主格宾格主格数格人称一、人称代词Presentation数格人称单数复数一二三一二三主格Iyouhe/she/itweyouthey宾格meyouhim/her/itusyouthem人称代词Presentation1.主、宾格的区分:人称代词可在句中作主语、宾语和表语。作主语时,人称代词用主格形式,作宾语和表语时一般用宾格形式。2.it的用法:it除用来代替上文中出现的名词以外,还可以用来表示时间、天气、距离和重量等。Presentation(1)人称代词有主格和宾格之分。人称代词在句中作主语时用主格形式,作宾语和表语时一般用宾格形式。e.g.Theytoldustogetreadyatonce.他们让我们马上准备好。Heboughtverynicebirthdaypresentsforyouandme.他给你和我买了非常好的生日礼物。—Whoisit?—是谁?—It’sme.—是我。Presentation宾格代词(特别是me)可以作主语。主格代词一般不单独使用,也不用于带not的简短回答中,这些情况下往往用宾格代词。e.g.—Whowantsarideonmybike?谁想骑我的自行车?—Me!/Notme!我!/不是我!Presentation(2)人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时,用主格和宾格都可以。e.g.Heisolderthanme.HeisolderthanIam.Presentation(3)it的用法①指物:It’sarobot.②指天气:It’srainingnow,butitwillbefinesoon.③指时间:It’s9o’clock.Presentation④指距离:It’s20milesfromhere.⑤作形式主语:It’simportantforustofightagainstpollution.Ittookmehalfanhourtofinishthework.It’skindofyoutosayso.Presentation⑥作形式宾语:Wethinkitnecessarytorelaxfromtimetotime.(4)人称代词的顺序:当多个人称代词并用时,英语中人称代词的排列顺序与汉语不同。汉语中喜欢说“你、我、他”,而英语中通常要说you,he/sheandI,复数人称代词的排列顺序是we,youandthey。Presentation二、指示代词指示代词在句中可作:1)主语e.g.Theseareourchildren.2)宾语或介词宾语e.g.Tomgavemethis.3)偶尔用作表语e.g.WhatIwanttostressisthis.指示代词有下面四个:thisthatthesethosePresentation(1)this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人,that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人。e.g.Thisisapenandthatisapencil.Wearebusythesedays.Inthosedaystheworkershadahardtime.—What’sthis(that)?—It’sabook.—Whatarethese(those)?—Theyarebooks.Presentation(2)有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物,this和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。e.g.Ihadacold.That’swhyIdidn’tcome.WhatIwanttosayisthis:pronunciationisveryimportantinlearningEnglish.Presentatione.g.TelevisionsetsmadeinChinaarejustasgoodasthosemadeinJapan.(3)有时为了避免重复提到的名词,常可用that或those代替。Presentatione.g.Hello!ThisisMary.IsthatJackspeaking?(4)this在电话用语中代表自己,that则代表对方。Presentation人称形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词单数第一人称mymine第二人称youryours第三人称hishisherhersitsits复数第一人称ourours第二人称youryours第三人称theirtheirs三、物主代词类别人称数Presentatione.g.Thisismy(形容词性物主代词)book.=Thisbookismine.(名词性物主代词)Hisisthenewestdictionaryinourclass.他的字典是我们班最新的。物主代词包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。名词性物主代词从意思上讲相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,其作用与名词相同。Presentation四、反身代词反身代词主要有下面这些:单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselvesPresentation1.反身代词常在句中作宾语和同位语。e.g.Letmeintroducemyself.(宾语)Maryherselfopenedthedoor.(同位语)2.反身代词也可作介词宾语。e.g.Takegoodcareofyourself.Presentation1.作宾语•Helpyourselftosomecakes.•Icanlookatmyselfinthemirror.•Sheistooweaktotakecareofherself.•MayIintroducemyself?反身代词可在句中作宾语和同位语(起加强语气的作用)。Presentation2.作同位语(加强语气)•Imyselfgototheairporttomeetmyuncle.•Youmustdoityourself.•Youshouldasktheteacherhimself.Presentationbyoneself亲自calloneself自称loseoneself迷路teachoneself自学enjoyoneself过得快乐helponeselfto随便吃/用devoteoneselfto献身于dressoneself自己穿衣服speaktooneself自言自语常见的含有反身代词的短语:Presentation五、疑问代词疑问代词有下面这些:whowhomwhosewhatwhich1.who在句中多用作主语或表语。2.whom在句中用作宾语或介词的宾语。3.whose表示“谁的”,可用作定语、主语、表语及宾语。4.what和which都可在句中用作主语、宾语或介词的宾语以及定语。what还可用作表语。Presentation疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中,一般放在句首,可以作主语、表语、定语和宾语等。•Whocalledyourightnow?(作主语)•Whatisthis?(作表语)•Whoseumbrellaisthis?(作定语)•Whomareyouwaitingfor?(作宾语)•Whichisyours?(作主语)•Whichdoyouwant?(作宾语)Presentationsome&any1.不定代词some和any可以代替名词和形容词,可在句中作主语、宾语、定语等。some常用在肯定句中;any常用在否定句或疑问句中。作定语时,some可修饰可数名词(单、复数皆可)和不可数名词;any可修饰可数名词(多为复数)和不可数名词。2.不定代词any有时也可以用在肯定句中,表示“任何的”。六、常用的不定代词Presentationall&both相同点:1.两个词都可以指代人和物。2.两个词都具有名词性质和形容词性质。3.两个词在句子中都可以充当主语、宾语、定语和同位语。4.两个词都可以与of连用。Presentation不同点:both只能指可数名词,表示两者。all既可指可数名词,又可指不可数名词。在指不可数名词时,表示三者或三者以上。Presentationevery&each相同点:1.两个词都具有形容词性质,都可以用作定语,表示“每一个”。2.两个词作主语的定语时,谓语动词都用单数。Presentation不同点:1.each除了具有形容词性质之外,还具有名词性质,而every没有名词性质,因此each可以与of搭配,而every不能。如:eachofthechildren(√)everyofthechildren(×)2.each强调个体,而every强调整体。Presentationboth,either&neither相同点:1.三个词都表示两者。2.三个词在句中都可以作主语、宾语和定语。异同点:1.三个词的含义不同:both表示“两者都……”;either表示“两者中随便哪个都……”;neither表示“两者中哪个都不……”。Presentation2.三个词各自构成不同的固定短语:both…and…表示“两者都……”either…or…表示“要么……要么……”neither…nor…表示“既不……也不……”e.g.BothBeijingandShanghaiarebigcities.北京和上海都是大城市。PresentationEitherthisknifeorthatonewilldo.这把或那把小刀都行。Theweatherhereisneithertoohotnortoocold.这儿的天气既不太热也不太冷。Presentation3.both…and…结构作主语时,谓语动词用