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语法图解SectionⅢGrammar—虚拟语气和状语从句探究发现①Theyhaverecommendedthatthesitebeclosedandrepaired.②Theyhavesuggestedthatthegeneralpublicbeencouragedtohelpwiththeproblem.③AprofessorattheAcademyhasproposedthatafundbeestablishedtoraisemoney.④MaryspeaksasifshewereChinese.⑤It'shightimethatweshouldhave/hadarest.⑥Aslongasyou'vegotaraincoat,you'llbeOK.⑦Juststaywhereyouareanddon'tmove.⑧Heroasheis,hehassomeshortcomings.⑨Whateverhappens,you'regoingtohaveamarveloustime.⑩Thelittlechildeatswhateverwegivehim.[我的发现](1)以上句中，①～⑤句谓语动词均使用了虚拟语气。①、②、③从句中用，should可以。(2)⑥～⑧句中黑体部分分别引导、、状语从句。(3)由⑧句可知，as引导让步状语从句时，句子要采用语序。(4)⑨句中黑体部分引导状语从句，⑩句中引导名词性从句。should＋动词原形省略条件地点让步倒装让步一、虚拟语气虚拟语气用于宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中，常可表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等，其虚拟语气往往是由“(should＋)动词原形”构成。1．宾语从句中的虚拟语气(1)一般用法在表示命令、建议、劝告、欲望、要求、主张这一类动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，即should＋动词原形，should可以省略。这类动词有suggest(建议),insist(坚持要求),demand,request,desire,order,advise,propose,command,recommend等。Shesuggestedthatwe(should)startoffearlythenextday.她建议我们第二天早点出发。Thedoctorinsistedthepatient(should)besenttohospitalimmediately.医生坚决要求这个病人立刻被送往医院。Thebossrequestedthatthesecretary(should)typeouttheplaninfiveminutes.老板要求秘书在五分钟内把计划打印出来。Theworkerrecommendedthatthemachine(should)becheckedonceaweek.工人建议这台机器应该一周检查一次。[名师点津]①当suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“坚持说”之意时，suggest/insist后的宾语从句不用虚拟语气，应使用陈述语气。②表示“坚持”“命令”“建议”“要求”等的名词后面接同位语从句、表语从句时，从句中谓语用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。(2)wish后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，从句中谓语动词主要有三种形式：虚拟过去：从句谓语用“had＋过去分词”虚拟现在：从句谓语用一般过去时，be动词通常用were虚拟将来：从句谓语形式为“would/could/should/might＋动词原形”Wewishwehadstudiedmorehardwhenatschool.我们上学时能学习再努力一点就好了。IwishIweretaller.我的个子要是再高一点儿就好了。IwishIcouldfly.我要是能飞就好了。Iwishhewouldtryagain.我希望他能再试一次。(3)wouldrather后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，从句谓语主要有两种形式：虚拟现在或将来：didbe动词一般用were虚拟过去：haddoneIwouldratheryoucametoseemetomorrow.我宁愿你明天来看我。Iwouldratheryouhadn'ttoldmethefact.我宁愿你没有告诉我实情。[即时演练1](1)用所给动词的适当形式填空①Theywishthatprices(decline)．②Heorderedthatthestudents(wash)theclotheseveryweekbythemselves.③I'dratheryou(not,make)anycommentontheissueforthetimebeing.④(陕西高考改编)Mymomsuggeststhatwe(eat)outforachangethisweekend.woulddecline(should)washdidn'tmake(should)eat(2)完成句子①Heinsistedthat.他坚持说我看过他的信。②Heinsistedthat.他坚持要我看看那部电影。③Hesuggestedthat.他建议我们留下吃饭。④Whathesaidsuggestedthat.他说的话表明他是一个骗子。IhadreadhisletterI(should)seethefilmwe(should)stayfordinnerhewasacheat2．主语从句中的虚拟语气(1)在Itis/wassuggested(requested,required,ordered,proposed,decided,etc.)that...句型中，it是形式主语，从句常用虚拟语气，谓语为“(should＋)动词原形”。Itisrequiredthatthestudents(should)wearschooluniformsatschool.学校要求学生在学校必须穿校服。Itissuggestedthatparents(should)spendmoretimewiththeirchildren.人们建议父母应该花更多的时间和孩子在一起。(2)Itis/wasimportant/necessary/natural/strange/apity/nowonder...＋thatsb.shoulddo...Itisapitythatheshouldfailtopassthedrivingtest.真遗憾他竟然没有通过驾驶测试。Itwasnecessarythatwe(should)makeeverythingreadyaheadoftime.我们有必要事先做好准备。Itisimportantthateverypupil(should)beabletounderstandtherulesofschool.重要的是学生都能了解校规。[即时演练2](1)完成句子①nobodyhere.要求任何人不要在此抽烟。②Itisimportantthatenoughmoneytofundtheproject.重要的是募集足够的钱，为这个项目提供资金。③we(should)takegoodcareofthepatient.有人建议我们应该照顾好病人。Itisrequiredthat(should)smoke(should)becollectedIt'ssuggestedthat(2)句型转换①Itisimportantforteenagerstolearnskills.→teenagersskills.②Peoplerequiredthattheearthshouldbeprotectedwell.→theearthshouldbeprotectedwell.ItisimportantthatshouldlearnItisrequiredthat3．表语从句中的虚拟语气基本结构：(表示建议、提议、命令、要求等的)名词＋be＋that＋主语＋(should＋)动词原形Thedoctor'sadvicewasthatyou(should)giveupsmoking.医生的建议是你应该戒烟。4．同位语从句中的虚拟语气基本结构：(表示建议、提议、命令、要求等的)名词＋that＋主语＋(should＋)动词原形Theyoungmanfollowedhisdoctor'sadvicethathe(should)giveupdrinking.那个年轻人接受了医生让他戒酒的建议。[名师点津]表语从句和同位语从句中，表示请求、要求、命令、建议等的名词有advice,desire,order,proposal,recommendation,request,plan,idea,requirement,suggestion,demand等。[即时演练3](1)完成句子①Hisorderisthat(问题应马上解决)．②Mysuggestionis(今晚我们应该开个会)．③Wefollowedhisadvice(我们应该请求老师帮忙)．④Hisdemandis(我们做工作应该更细心些)．theproblem(should)besolvedatoncethatwe(should)holdameetingtonightthatwe(should)askourteacherforhelpthatwe(should)doourworkmorecarefully(2)单句改错①HisfathergaveanorderthathekeepsadiaryinEnglisheveryday.②Imadeasuggestionthathewillputanadvertisementinthelocalpaper.③Ourdesireisthatthematchwillbeputoff.④Oneoftherequirementsforafireisthatthematerialmustbeheatedtoitsburningtemperature.keeps→keepwill→should或去掉willwill→should或去掉willmust→should或去掉must5．在asif/though引导的从句中的虚拟语气从句用过去时表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑从句用过去完成时表示对过去事实的假设Itseemsasifitwerespring.现在好像是春天似的。Sheappearedasifshehadknownnothingaboutit.她看上去对此一无所知。6．It's(high)time...句式中的虚拟语气在Itis(high)time...句式中，time后的从句要用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用过去式或“should＋动词原形”。Itistimewedid/shoulddosomethingforourcountry.到了我们该为国家做些事情的时候了。Itishightimeyoucleaned/shouldcleantheclassroom.到了你该打扫教室的时候了。[即时演练4]用所给动词的适当形式填空①Theytalkedaboutthecityasthoughthey(be)therebefore.②Johnpretendsasifhe(not,know)thethingatall.③It'shightimethatwe(get)downtoourwork.④Thattreelooksasifit(not,water)foralongtime.⑤It'stimethatpeople(pay)attentiontotheenvironment.⑥(辽宁高考改编)Jackisagreattalker.It'shightimethathesomethinginsteadofjusttalking.hadbeendidn'tknowgot/shouldgetwasn'twateredpaid/shouldpaydid/shoulddo二、状语从句状语从句是在复合句中