Section_ⅢGrammar—情态动词语法图解探究发现①Thetopicofthepoemcan'tbetravel.②Itmustbesomethingmorepersonal.③Itmaybefriendship.④Itmightbethejourneythroughlife.⑤LiBaimusthavehadastrangelife.⑥Hecan'thavebeeninterestedinanormallife.⑦Hemayhavediedwhenhefelloutofaboat.⑧Youshouldreadthepoemsometime.⑨Couldyouanswerafewquestions,please?⑩Itoldhertostopsinging,butshewouldn'tlisten.[我的发现](1)①~⑦句表示推测,其中⑤~⑦句表示对所发生的事情的推测。(2)⑧句表示说话人的意愿,意为“”,⑨句表示,⑩句表示。过去应该请求意愿一、情态动词表推测(一)情态动词表推测的三种句式1.在肯定句中一般用must(一定),may(可能),might/could(也许,或许)。Youhaveworkedhardallday.Youmustbetired.你辛苦干了一整天,一定累了。Thethoughtthatshemightbeillannoyedhim.想到她或许病了,他就不安。2.否定句中用can't/couldn't(不可能),maynot/mightnot(可能不)。IfTomdidn'tleavehereuntilfiveo'clock,hecan'tbehomeyet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿,他此时一定还未到家。HesaidthatImightnotborrowhiscar.他说我可能不用借他的车。3.疑问句中用can/could(能……?)。Couldhehavefinishedthetask?他可能把任务完成了吗?Canhebeathomenow?他现在能在家吗?[即时演练1]用适当的情态动词填空①Hebeill.Helookssopale.②Hewasafraidtheynotagreewithhim,butIamnotquitesure.③Itbetheheadmaster.HehasgonetoAmerica.④Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Whoitbe?⑤Ittakealongtimetofindasolutiontotheproblem.mustmightcan't/couldn'tcanmay(二)情态动词表推测的三种时态1.对将来情况的推测,用“情态动词+动词原形”。Shemust/may/mightarrivebefore5:00p.m.下午5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。2.对现在或一般情况的推测,用“情态动词+be”“情态动词+bedoing”或“情态动词+动词原形”。Atthismoment,ourteachermust/may/might/couldbecorrectingourexampapers.这时,我们老师一定/可能/也许在批改试卷。Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.Howcan/couldhebelatefortheopeningceremony?布什先生一向准时,这次开幕式他怎么可能迟到呢?3.对过去情况的推测,用“情态动词+have+过去分词”。Ididn'thearthephone.Imusthavebeenasleep.我刚才没有听到电话,我一定是睡着了。Thedoorislocked.Hecannothavebeenathome.门锁着,他不可能在家。(三)情态动词表推测的特殊用法(1)can除了表示推测,用于疑问句和否定句中外,还可以用于肯定句中,表示“在某段时间内一时的可能性”。Itcanbequitewindythere,especiallyinspring.那里有时容易刮风,特别在春季。(2)must表示“一定,非得;偏要”,语气强烈。Ifyoumustaskforaleavetoday,youmustgiveoutyourreason.如果今天你非要请假的话,你就得说出理由。[即时演练2](1)单句语法填空①Listen,hemust(read)English.②Sincenobodygavehimanyhelp,hemust(do)theresearchonhisown.③Itisimportanttoknowabouttheculturaldifferencesthatmay(cause)problems.bereadinghavedonecause(2)选词填空(must/may/might/can/can't)①Ifyougo,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.②WeenjoygoodweatherinJanuary,butsometimesitbeterriblycold.③Ihaven'tdecidedwhereI'mgoingformyholiday.IgotoFrance.④Thestoryhetoldbetrue,becauseitisnotreasonable.⑤theyfinishthisbeforethedeadline?mustcanmay/mightcan'tCan二、should,could,would的用法(一)could的用法1.表示过去一般的能力(即想做某事就随时可以做某事的能力)。CouldyouspeakEnglishthen?那时候你会说英语吗?[名师点津]若表示过去的特定能力(即在过去特定场合做某事的能力),则不能用could,而用was(were)abletodosth.或用managedtodosth.或用succeededindoingsth.等。Thefirewasverybigbuteveryonewasabletoescapefromthebuilding.火势很凶猛,但大家都逃了出来。2.could表示推测,表示某事有可能发生或可能是事实。在肯定句中没有must那么有把握;在否定句中没有can't那么有把握。Hecouldn'tbeabadman.他不大可能是坏人。Hecouldhavegonehome.他可能已回家了。3.比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。Couldyoudrivemetothestation?你可以开车送我去车站吗?Wecouldtakethetrainoralternativelygobycar.我们可以坐火车去,也可以坐汽车去。4.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。Howcouldhesaysuchathing!他竟说出这种话来!5.couldhavedone表示“可能已经……”。此外,它还可以表示“本能够做某事(而没有做)”,暗含惋惜之情。Youcouldhavedonebetterifyouhadbeenmorecareful.你要是再细心一点,是可以做得更好的。(二)should的用法1.表示义务、建议、劝告,意为“应该”,用于各种人称。其同义词是oughtto。Everycitizenshouldobeythelaw.每个公民都应当遵守法律。Youshouldn'twasteanytime.你不应该浪费时间。2.表示推测:用于肯定句,表示按常规、常理的推测,意为“按理说应该”。Thefilmshouldbeverygoodasitisstarringfirstclassactors.这部电影是一流演员主演的,应该拍得很好。IfallgoesaccordingtoplanweshouldbeinShanghaitomorrow.如果一切按照预定的计划进行,明天我们就在上海了。3.表示说话人对某事不能理解,感到意外、惊异等意思。意为“竟会”。Itisapitythatheshouldmisssuchagoldenopportunity.他竟错过如此大好机会,真可惜。4.用于某些从句中表示虚拟语气。Shesuggestedthattheyshouldbooktheticketinadvance.她建议他们预先订票。5.shouldhavedonesth.表示“本应该做某事(而事实上并没有做)”。shouldn'thavedonesth.表示“本不该做某事(而事实上做了)”。Youshouldhaveturnedinyourhomeworkyesterday.你们本该昨天交作业。(三)would的用法1.表示请求、建议等,would比will委婉客气。在疑问句中用于第二人称。Wouldyoupleaselendmeyourpencil?请把铅笔借给我用用好吗?2.表示意愿,在陈述语气和虚拟语气中都可用。Hewouldnotleavebeforehefinishedhiswork.他在完成工作以前不愿离开。3.表示过去的习惯、例行的活动或过去的一种倾向。Hewouldsitatthetable,deepinthought.他总是坐在桌边,陷入沉思。4.用在虚拟语气的主句中。Ifyouwenttoseehim,hewouldbedelighted.如果你去看他,他一定非常高兴。Shewouldhavecomeifshehadn'tbeensobusy.要不是因为忙她就来了。[即时演练3](1)选词填空(could/should/would)①Idon'tlikefish,soInoteatitunlessIwasextremelyhungry.②Everytimeshewasintrouble,sheturntohimforhelp.③Wehavecheckedthetimebeforeweleft.④Youcan'timaginethatawellbehavedgentlemanbesorudetoalady.⑤Inothaveenjoyedmyselfmore—itwasaperfectday.⑥Youhavedoneitwell,butyouweretoocareless.wouldwouldshouldshouldcouldcould(2)完成句子①Theyfromtheflood.他们成功地从洪水中逃离。②Heinthemorningwhenhewasastudent.他过去上学时总是在早晨大声朗读。③Weherintheclassroom.我们本不应当在教室里开她的玩笑。wereabletoescapewouldreadaloudshouldnothavemadefunof④Ifthecarontheway,youwouldhavetowalkback.万一汽车中途抛锚,你就得走回来。⑤Iusethephone?我可以用这个电话吗?shouldbreakdownCould/Can/MayⅠ.用适当的情态动词填空1.(2017·北京高考)Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,easilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf.2.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Sometimeschopsticksarequiteartistic.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.3.(2016·北京高考改编)Ilovetheweekend,becauseInotgetupearlyonSaturdaysandSundays.canbemadeneed4.(2015·北京高考)—Can'tyoustayalittlelonger?—It'sgettinglate.Ireallygonow.Mydaughterishomealone.5.(2015·福建高考)—Sorry,Mum!Ifailedthejobinterviewagain.—Oh,it's