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SectionⅢGrammar—复习定语从句语法图解探究发现①OnafreezingcolddayinJanuary1994,JiesangSuonandajiefoundwhathewaslookingfor—agroupofpoacherswhowerekillingtheendangeredTibetanantelope.②InthebattlewhichfollowedJiesangwasshotandkilled.③Oftenworkingatnight,thepoachersshootwholeherdsofantelopesatatime,leavingonlythebabies,whosewoolisnotworthsomuch.④TheanimalsareskinnedonthespotandthewooltakentoIndia,whereitismadeintotheshawls.⑤Inthe1990stheChinesegovernmentbegantotakeanactivepartinprotectingtheantelopesintheHohXilNatureReserve—thehugenationalparkontheQinghaiTibetanPlateau,whichisthemainhabitatoftheantelopes.⑥Sometimesthereweregunfights,liketheoneinwhichJiesangSuonandajiewaskilled.⑦Thesmallgroupofofficialswhoworkinthereservearehelpedbyvolunteerswhocomefromalloverthecountry,andwhoarereadyforthedifficultconditionsoflifeat5,000metres.⑧Meanwhile,inthosecountrieswheretheshawlsaresold,policearegettingtoughwiththedealers.[我的发现](1)以上各句中黑体部分在定语从句中分别担当什么成分？_句中作定语；句中作主语；句中作地点状语。(2)哪些句子中的which可用that替代？_句中的which可用that替代。③①②⑤⑦④⑥⑧②在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引出。本模块主要复习由关系词和“介词＋关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句以及非限制性定语从句。一、引导定语从句的关系词1．引导定语从句的常用关系词的用法关系词指代对象在从句中所作成分关系代词who指人主语、宾语、表语whom指人宾语which指物主语、宾语、表语that既指人又指物主语、宾语、表语whose既指人又指物定语as既指人又指物主语、宾语、表语关系副词when指时间时间状语where指地点地点状语why指原因原因状语Istillrememberthedaywhen(＝onwhich)IfirstcametoBeijing.我还记得第一次来北京的那一天。Thisistheplacewhere(＝atwhich)Jackparkshiscar.这是杰克停车的地方。Thebuildingwhich/thatstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。Thepersonwhomyoumetyesterdayisanhonestman.昨天你遇到的那个人是一个诚实的人。Suchbooksasyouborrowedareofgreatuse.你借的这样的书很有用。2．that和which引导的定语从句的区别that和which都是关系代词，都可在从句中作主语、宾语和表语，但两者存在着不同。用that不用which的情况先行词是all,much,few,little,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等不定代词时先行词被any,few,little,much,some,no等词修饰或被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰时先行词是形容词的最高级或先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时先行词是序数词或先行词前有序数词对其进行修饰时先行词既指人又指物时主句是who或which等引出的特殊疑问句时用which不用that的情况在非限制性定语从句中用which不用that介词后边用which不用that先行词为that/those时Tellmeeverythingthatyouknow.把你所知道的一切都告诉我吧。Iboughtagreatmanybooks,onwhichIspentallmymoneythatIsaved.我买了很多书，这些书花了我积攒的所有的钱。[即时演练1](1)用适当的关系词填空①(2017·北京高考改编)Thelittleproblemswemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.②Acompanyprofitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.③Idon’tbecomeaseriousclimberuntilthefifthgrade,______Iwentuptorescueakitethatwasstuckinthebranchesofatree.thatwhosewhen④CanyoushowmeacasethisphraseisoftenmisusedbyChinesestudents,MrBrown?⑤Thosepeoplethebossinterviewedareapplicantsforthejob.⑥Thereasonhewasfiredwasnotknowntous.(2)用which或that填空①HeistheverypersonIwanttotalkto.②Theyweretalkingaboutpersonsandthingstheyremembered.③Theyhaveinvitedmetovisittheircountry,isverykindofthem.wherewho/whom/thatwhythatthatwhich二、“介词＋关系代词”的用法1．“介词＋关系代词”结构中的关系代词通常用whose,which或whom，不用that。ThisisthepencilwithwhichIdrawpictures.这是我画画用的那支铅笔。2．“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定方法。关系代词前介词选择三原则：一先，二动，三意义。(1)一先，即根据介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。Iwillneverforgetthedayonwhichwemovedintoournewhouse.我永远不会忘记我们搬进新居的那一天。(2)二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。Heisthemodelfromwhomweshouldlearn.他是我们应该学习的榜样。(3)三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。Lookatthebuildingoverwhichisflyingaredflag.It’swhereIwork.看那栋上面飘着红旗的房子，这就是我上班的地方。3．“介词＋关系代词”前可有名词、数词或some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,one,few等代词，构成“名词/代词/数词等＋介词＋关系代词”结构。Herearethequestions,someofwhichIthoughtdifficultforyou.就是这些问题，其中一些我认为对你来说太难。[即时演练2](1)用适当的介词填空①Air,whichmancan’tlive,isreallyimportant.②Thewitnesswhomthepolicemenreferredwaskilled.③Idon’tknowthereasonwhichhewaslateforschool.(2)用“介词＋关系代词”完成下列句子①(2016·浙江高考改编)Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,(没有一个被证实)．withouttofornoneofwhichhasbeenproved②Tradingleathershoesisthebusiness_(格林一家所致力于的)．(devote)③Therearetwobuildingsthere,(较大的那栋大约有)ahundredfeettall.(stand)towhichtheGreensaredevotedthelargerofwhichstandsnearly三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整译法上翻译成先行词的定语，“……的……”通常翻译成主句的并列句关系词的使用上1.关系代词作动词的宾语时可省略2.有时可以用that代替who/which1.关系代词作动词的宾语时不可省略2.不可以用that代替who/whichIwillneverforgetthedaywhenImetMrLiu.我永远不会忘记遇见刘先生的那一天。Thisisthemanwhohelpedme.这就是帮我的那个人。I’veinvitedJim,wholivesinthenextflat.我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。Peterdrovetoofast,whichwasdangerous.彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。[名师点津]非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别非限制性定语从句与主句之间常用“逗号”分开，并且不能加入and,but,so等连接词。并列句一般由and,but,so等词连接。HepaidtheboyD|S10forwashingthewindows,mostofwhichhadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.(非限制性定语从句)HepaidtheboyD|S10forwashingthewindows,andmostofthemhadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.(并列句)那个男孩擦了窗户，他付给那个男孩10美元。那些窗户的大部分已经至少一年没有擦了。[即时演练3](1)完成句子①(2016·天津高考改编)Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,.我们将把去公园野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。②Whereisthedictionary?我昨天买的那本词典在哪儿？③Hesuddenlyfellill,goingtoschool.他突然生病，不能去上学了。whentheweathermaybebetterwhichIboughtyesterdaywhichpreventedhimfrom(2)句型转换①Sheheardaterriblenoiseanditbroughtherheartintohermouth.→Sheheardaterriblenoise,herheartintohermouth.②Thesearticlesarewritteninsimplelanguagetomakeiteasytoread.→Thesearticlesarewritteninsimplelanguage,toread.whichbroughtmakesiteasywhich四、as与which在非限制性定