Section_ⅢGrammar—复习状语和状语从句语法图解探究发现①Itcansoundverydifferentfromplacetoplace.②Forexample,withinLondonthemostfamousdialectiscockney.③Onewomanwaslyinginbed,awake.④AcustomercameuptotheauthorholdingacopyofthebookandsaidEmmaChissit.⑤Theboyneedsapentodohishomework.⑥We'llstartourprojectifthepresidentagrees.⑦I'llgiveyouananswerimmediatelyI'vefinishedreadingthereport.⑧Theheadofthecompanypromisedtodealwithmattersofthissortthemomenthereturnedtohisoffice.⑨Poorashewas,hewashonest.[我的发现](1)句为词语作状语,句为句子作状语。(2)为非谓语动词作状语。(3)⑥句中的条件状语从句用代替一般将来时。(4)⑦句用引导状语从句;⑧句用引导时间状语从句。(5)⑨句中的状语从句使用了语序。①~⑤⑥~⑨一般现在时④⑤名词性短语副词倒装一、状语(一)概念修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分,叫作状语。用作状语的通常是副词、介词短语、不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。(二)状语的位置修饰形容词的状语,通常放在所修饰的词之前;修饰动词的状语,一般放在所修饰的动词之后。但有些副词作状语,则放在实义动词之前,助动词、be动词或情态动词之后,如always,often,usually,never,ever等。(三)状语的构成1.副词作状语HespeaksEnglishquitefluently.他的英语说得非常流利。2.名词作状语We'llhaveaclassmeetingonMonday.我们将在星期一开班会。3.数词作状语Hecameoutfirstintheexam.他考试得了第一名。4.形容词(短语)作状语Ripe,theorangestastesweet.这些橘子熟时,味道甜美。5.不定式作状语Iopenedthewindowtoletsomefreshairin.我打开窗户让新鲜空气进来。6.分词作状语Heated,waterchangesintosteam.当水加热时,变成水蒸气。7.介词短语作状语Whenweheardthegoodnews,wejumpedwithjoy.当我们听到这个好消息时,我们高兴地跳了起来。8.独立主格作状语ItbeingSunday,thelibraryisclosed.因为是星期天,图书馆关门了。9.从句作状语Wemuststrikewhiletheironishot.我们必须趁热打铁。[即时演练1]画出下列句子中的状语①,shewillvisithergrandma.②,thelocalpeopleareworkinghard.③,theoldmanreturnedtohishometownwherehewasbroughtup.④Iwillstay.⑤Marydidn'tgoshopping.⑥,theyarrived.⑦Alwayslookyourhomeworkthrough.WhenSusangoestotownFullofhopetorebuildtheirhometownHavinglivedabroadfortwentyyearsanotherfivemonthsbecauseIadvisedhernottoInspiteoftheheavyrainbeforehandingitin二、状语从句(一)状语从句的概念及分类用来修饰谓语动词、其他动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫作状语从句。可分为时间、条件、原因、让步、比较等状语从句。(二)各种状语从句的具体用法1.时间状语从句时间状语从句常由以下引导词引导:when;while;as;before;after;since;until;assoonas;nosooner...than...;hardly...when;themoment;everytime;immediately等。A.when,while,as引导的时间状语从句(1)when表示时间点时,从句中用非延续性动词;表示时间段时,用延续性动词。YouhadalreadygonewhenIarrivedthere.当我到达时,你已经走了。(when表示时间点)WhenIlivedinthecountryside,Iusedtocarrysomewaterforhim.当时住在农村,我常常为他担水。(when表示时间段)(2)while表示“在……期间”或“在某一段时间里”,它所引导的从句的动作是延续性的,并侧重表示和主句动作的同时发生。Samwentthroughamagazinewhilehewaited.萨姆一边等着一边翻阅杂志。(3)as引导的时间状语从句①as表示从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生,一般与延续性动词连用。AsIwatchedthem,anideastruckme.我看着他们时,产生了一个想法。②as表示“一边……一边……”,强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。Asthestudentswalkedtotheirdorms,theysanghappily.学生们一边往宿舍走,一边快乐地唱着歌。③as还可以说明两种正在发展或变化的情况,意为“随着”,表示时间的推移。Astimegoeson,it'sgettingwarmerandwarmer.随着时间的推移,天气变得越来越暖和了。B.since引导的时间状语从句since表示从过去某一时间或动作起到目前为止,意思是“自……以来”。引导状语从句时,主句用现在完成时或现在完成进行时,since从句中一般用非延续性动词的一般过去时。We'vebeenfriendseversincewemetatschool.自从我们在学校认识之后,我们就一直是好朋友。C.before,after引导的时间状语从句(1)before表示在一段时间之前。after表示在一段时间之后。Ihadwrittenmydissertationbeforemysupervisorwentabroad.在导师出国之前,我已完成了我的学位论文。Ifoundyourcoatafteryouhadleftthehouse.你离开房子之后,我发现了你的外衣。(2)before有时翻译成“……才……”“不到……就”“趁……就”“还没(来得及)……就”。Itwasquiteafewyearsbeforehefinallyfinishedhisnovel.过了好几年他才完成他的小说。HeranoffbeforeIcouldstophim.我还没来得及阻止他,他就跑掉了。D.till,until引导的时间状语从句(1)如果主句的谓语动词是延续性动词,就常用肯定式表示“直到……为止”;如果主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词,就常用否定表示“直到……才”。Hewillremainincollegeuntil(till)hefinisheshisPh.Dcourse.他将留在学校里直到完成他的博士学位课程。Ididn'twakeupuntilIheardthealarmclock.直到听到闹钟的铃声我才醒来。(2)当notuntil位于句首时,主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序。NotuntilhecamebackdidIleave.直到他回来我才走。[名师点津]①until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后,但till从句一般不放在句首。②在强调句型中一般只能用until,不用till。ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrecognizedher.直到她摘下墨镜,我才认出她来。E.表示“一……就……”的时间状语从句assoonas,once,immediately,instantly,directly,themoment,theminute,theinstant,thesecond,nosooner...than,hardly...when,scarcely...when等引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即就发生了,即“一……就……”。Assoonaswegothome,thetelephonerang.我们刚到家,电话就响了。Hesaidhe'dturnonTVthemomenthegothome.他说他一回到家就打开电视机。[名师点津]①hardly/scarcely...when,nosooner...than引导的从句中的动词用一般过去时,主句中的动词用过去完成时。②当hardly,scarcely,nosooner位于句首时,主句应用倒装语序。HardlyhadIarrivedatthetheatrewhentheperformancebegan.我刚到剧场,节目就开始了。F.nexttime,thefirsttime,thelasttime,everytime,bythetime等引导的时间状语从句Dolookmeupthenexttimeyou'reinLondon.你下次到伦敦,务必来找我。Bythetimewegotthere,theplayhadalreadybegun.等我们到那里时,戏已经开始了。[即时演练2](1)选词填空when,while,as,before,after,since,until,themoment①Iheardthenews,Irushedtothespot.②shecamein,Iwascookingdinner.③mywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.④timegoeson,thingsaregettingbetterandbetter.ThemomentWhenWhileAs⑤Ididn'tgotobedmyfathercameback.⑥MyfatherhadleftforCanadajusttheletterarrived.⑦shehadfinishedherdinner,Lucybegantoreadanovel.⑧Itisfivedayshecamehere.untilbeforeAftersince(2)完成句子①oneofmyclassmatespattedmeontheshouldercometomyself.直到我的同班同学拍了一下我的肩膀,我才回过神来。②Nosoonershefainted.她一听到这个消息,便昏了过去。③won'tbelongwemeetagain.用不了多久我们就会再见面的。NotuntildidIhadsheheardthenewsthanItbefore2.让步状语从句让步状语从句由although,though,while“虽然,尽管”,as,evenif,eventhough“即使……也……”,however,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever,whenever,wherever,whether...or...“不管……还是……”,nomatterhow(who,what...)等引导。Althoughtheylackofficialsupport,theycontinuetheirstruggle.他们虽然没有得到官方的支持,但仍然继续奋斗。Evenifyoufail,youwillhavegainedexperience.纵然失败,你也会得到一些经验。[即时演练3]完成句子①(2016·浙江高考改