语法图解SectionⅢGrammar—倒装和强调句探究发现①Herearesomenewmagazines.②Inthemiddleoftheroomwasatable.③LittledoIdreamofseeingsuchwonderfulscenery.④Notuntilatleastthirtysecondshadpassed,wasthemanabletospeak.⑤Nosoonerhadtheboyspokenthesewordsthanthewardenhithimontheheadwiththesoupspoon.⑥NeverhaveIheardanythinglikeit.⑦Onlyafterthewardidhelearnthesadnews.⑧ItwasOliverTwistwhowaschosen.[我的发现](1)以上句中,①②句中谓语全部放在主语之前,为全部倒装。③⑦句中谓语的一部分放在主语之前,为倒装。(2)由③⑥句可知,具有意义的副词(词组)位于句首,句子要部分倒装。(3)由⑦句可知,当only位于句首,且修饰状语或状语从句时,主句要倒装。(4)⑧句为强调句型,其构成为+被强调部分++句子其他成分。部分否定部分Itis/waswho/that一、倒装(一)倒装句的概念英语句子的自然语序是主语在前,谓语动词在后。若把谓语动词放在主语之前,则构成倒装句。1.如果谓语全部放在主语之前,叫全部倒装。Outrushedagirlandacat.一个小女孩和一只猫冲了出来。Theyarrivedatahouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtree.他们来到一所房子前,房子前面有一棵大树。2.如果只把助动词、情态动词或系动词放在主语之前,则构成部分倒装。Atnotimeshouldyouleaveyourpost.任何时候你都不应该离开你的岗位。Ifyoudon'tgo,neitherwillI.如果你不去,我也不去。3.形式上的倒装语法上称为前置。它的特点是,只把强调的内容提至句首,主谓并不倒装。Tiredastheywere,theywentonworking.虽然他们很累,但仍继续工作。[即时演练1]完成句子①Inthecenterofthepark.在公园的中心矗立着一座雕像。②IfJoe'swifedoesnotgototheparty,.如果乔的妻子不去参加晚会,他也不会去。③,theycouldn'tmakeherchangehermind.尽管他们做了很大努力,却没能让她改变主意。standsastatueneitherdoesheTryhardastheywere(二)全部倒装全部倒装的条件:1.当表示方位或时间的副词,如here,there,then,up,down,in,away,off,out等置于句首,且主语是名词时。Incametheteacher.老师进来了。Hereisyourcoat.你的外套在这儿。2.当表示地点或方位的介词短语位于句首且主语是名词时。Infrontofthehouseisatalltree.这座房子前有一棵高大的树。3.形容词(短语)、过去分词(短语)、现在分词(短语)或介词短语作表语位于句首时,且主语部分较长时,其结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。PresentatthemeetingareProfessorWhite,ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguests.出席会议的有怀特教授、史密斯教授和许多其他客人。Hangingonthewallisapicturedrawnbya6yearoldboy.墙上挂的是一个6岁男孩画的一幅画。[名师点津]当表示方位或时间的副词位于句首,主语是代词时,主语和谓语的位置不能颠倒。Outsherushed.她冲了出去。[即时演练2]使用倒装形式完成下列句子①Now(轮到你了).②(男孩们冲出去了)whenthebellrang.③Inthefrontofthestage(站着一位歌唱家).④Southofthecity(坐落着一家工厂).⑤(坐在第一排)aresomeadvancedworkers.⑥Lyingonthefloor(是一个男孩儿)agedaboutten.⑦There(铃响了).⑧Thedooropenedandin(校长进来了).comesyourturnOutrushedtheboysstoodasingerliesafactorySeatedinthefirstlinewasaboygoesthebellcameourheadmaster(三)部分倒装1.否定副词not,never,hardly,seldom,scarcely,rarely,little及表示否定意义的介词短语innocase,bynomeans,atnotime,onnocondition等置于句首时。Atnotimedidtheyactuallybreaktherulesofthegame.Itwasunfairtopunishthem.他们绝对没有违反比赛规则,惩罚他们是不公平的。Notuntilrecentlydidtheyencouragethedevelopmentoftouristrelatedactivitiesintheruralareas.(2016·江苏高考)直到最近他们才鼓励农村地区旅游相关活动的发展。2.only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句,且放在句首时,主句部分倒装。OnlywhenLilywalkedintotheofficedidsherealizethatshehadleftcontractathome.(2015·天津高考)当莉莉走进办公室时,她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。Onlyinthiswaycanyoulearnfromyourmistakes.只有用这种方式你才能从错误中吸取教训。3.以so,neither,nor开头的句子用部分倒装,表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者。HestudiesEnglishwell;sodoeshissister.他英语学得很好,他妹妹也是如此。Marycan'trideabicycle;neither/norcanLucy.玛丽不会骑自行车,露西也不会。4.在so...that...与such...that...句型中,so与such部分位于句首时,要用部分倒装。Sounreasonablewashispricethateverybodystartled.他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌。5.hardly...when...,nosooner...than...,notonly...butalso...等连接两个句子,hardly,nosooner,notonly置于句首时,紧接否定词之后的句子要用倒装语序。Notonlydothenurseswantapayincrease,theywantreducedhoursaswell.护士们不仅要求提高工资,还要求缩短工作时间。Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhenhisfatherstoppedhim.他刚开口说话就被父亲制止了。6.notuntil放于句首时,主句部分倒装。Notuntilhereturneddidhehavesupper.直到他回来才吃饭。7.在含有were,should或had的虚拟条件句中,可以省略if,把were,should或had提前,构成倒装。Hadhetakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceeded.他要是听了我的建议,就成功了。[巧学助记]部分倒装口诀副词开头要倒装,人称代词非如常;only修饰副介状,位于句首半倒装;否定意义副连词,位于句首须倒装;表语前置主语长,衔接自然常倒装;such代词作表语,引起主谓要倒装;notonly开头句,前一分句须倒装;had,were,should虚拟句,省略if半倒装。[即时演练3](1)句型转换①Althoughyoumighttry,youcan'tmakeupforthelosttime.→,youcan'tmakeupforthelosttime.②Theyworkedsohardthattheyfinishedtheirworkaheadoftime.→Sohardthattheyfinishedtheirworkaheadoftime.③Ididn'tgotobeduntilIfinishedmyhomeworklastnight.→NotuntilIfinishedmyhomeworklastnighttobed.④IhadhardlyarrivedwhenIhadanewproblemtodealwith.→HardlywhenIhadanewproblemtodealwith.Tryas/thoughyoumightdidtheyworkdidIgohadIarrived⑤Shakespearewasnotonlyafamousplaywright,buthewasalsoanexcellentactor.→Shakespeareafamousplaywright,buthewasalsoanexcellentactor.⑥IfIhadknownthatearlier,Iwouldn'thavebeentothedininghall.→thatearlier,Iwouldn'thavebeentothedininghall.⑦Ihadnosoonerreachedhomethanitpoureddown.→Nosoonerhomethanitpoureddown.⑧Herealizedwhathadhappenedonlywhenhereturnedhome.→Onlywhenhereturnedhomewhathadhappened.NotonlywasHadIknownhadIreacheddidherealize(2)单句改错①I'mnotinterestedinphysics.Soishe.②Didyoucomeyesterday,youwouldhaveseenhim.③Sowouldbeourhomeinthefuture.So→Neither/NorDid→HadSo→Such二、强调句1.强调句型的结构:Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分。强调句型用来强调主语、宾语、状语等除谓语以外的句子成分。如果句子用的是过去的某种时态,强调结构中就用was;如果句子用的是现在的某种时态,强调结构中就用is。当被强调部分是指人时,可以用who代替that。Itisanovelistthat/whohehasbecome.他已经成了一位小说家。ItwaswhenIgotbacktomyapartmentthatIfirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.(2017·天津高考)正是当我回到公寓时,我第一次偶然遇见了我的新邻居们。2.强调句型一般疑问句的结构为:Is/Wasit+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分?Wasityourmotherwhomadethedecision?这个决定是你妈妈做的吗?3.强调句型特殊疑问句的结构为:特殊疑问词(What/Who/When/Why/Where/How)+is/wasit+that/who+句子其他部分。Whywasitthathedidn'tgettoschoolontime?为什么他没有按时到校?(强调句为特殊疑问句形式,被强调部分是句子的原因状语)4.not...until...句型的强调句型为:Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+其他部分。Bachdiedin1750,butitwasnotuntiltheearly19thcenturythathismusicalgiftwasfullyrec