Iflifeiswar,thenourfriendsareourbestallies(盟友).They'retheoneswecallupwhenthere'sabattleaheadandwe'regoingtoneedsomehelp.They'retheoneswhocomeinwhenwe'reweak.They'retheoneswhoarealwaysthere,supportingus,throughoutlossesandgains.AccordingtoresearchersattheUniversityofPennsylvania,wechooseourfriendsbasedonthisunconsciousnotion(信念)thattheywillsupportusintimesofneed.Theresearchleaders,PeterDeScioliandRobertKurzban,said,“Therelationshipsbetweenfriendsaresimilartothoseofalliesbetweennations.”Likenationsthatunitetogether,we'refriendsbecausewetrusteachother.Weneedeachother,forresourcesandsupport.It'sasupportsystemthat'snecessarytoourcountry.Becauseifyouthinkaboutit,everygreatpowerwouldbenothingwithoutitsallies,andourstrengthisdependentonthestrengthofourfriendships.Wetakecareofourfriendshipsthesamewaywetakecareofourallies.Wesupportthem,gotothemintimesofneedandrelyontheminourownmomentsofweakness.They'llbethefirstonestherewhenwe'vebeenattackedandthelastonestoleaveinrecovery.Wechoosepeoplebasedonthenotionthattheywillprovideaidandcarewhenweneedthesethingsmost.Theyareasupportsystemweneedtocreateforthetoughbattles.Friendshipsarebuiltwithoutanynecessaryexpectationthattheywillreceiveanythinginreturnanytimesoon,butknowingthatsupportistherewhentheyneeditmakesallthedifference.Weneedtimetofindoutwhetherourfriendsareourbestallies.AccordingtoKurzban,“Weliveinaworldwhereconflictcanariseandalliesmustbeinpositionbeforehand.”Inlife,weallmayfightafewbattlesandwefeelstrongerknowingsomeonehasourback.Section_ⅠIntroduction_&_Reading_—_Prereading[原文呈现][读文清障]Roy’sStoryIrememberthefirsttimeImetRoy①.Hewasstandinginthecentreofagroupofboys,andhewastellingajoke②.Whenhereachedthefinalline,everyoneburstout③laughing.①thefirsttime作先行词,其后定语从句的引导词实际上是that,此时that是关系副词,可以省略。②tellajoke/jokes讲笑话makeajokeofsth.拿某事开玩笑③burstout突然发生,突然……起来burstinto+n.=burstout+doing[原文呈现][读文清障]④thinktooneself心里想⑤现在分词的完成式作原因状语,表示lost这一动作发生在felt这一动作之前。Roylaughedtoo,aloudhappylaugh.“Popularboy,”Ithoughttomyself④.MynameisDaniel.Iwasthenewboyintheclass.OurfamilywasfromthenorthofEngland,butmyfatherhadbeenofferedabetterjobinLondon,andourwholefamilyhadmovedthere.Iwastwelveand,havinglostallmyoldfriends⑤,Ifeltshyandlonelyatmynewschool.[原文呈现][读文清障]Therewere33studentsinmynewclass,andmostpeopleweren’tveryinterestedinashynewboy.Roywasoneofthefewpeoplewhowerekindtome⑥.Heofteninvited⑦metojoinhisparticulargroup,andasaresult⑧,Istartedgettingtoknow⑨people.⑥who引导定语从句,修饰先行词thefewpeople。“oneof+复数名词”作先行词,其后定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式;“theonlyoneof+复数名词”作先行词,其后定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。⑦invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事⑧asaresult结果(=asaconsequence)⑨get(come/turn)toknow开始认识,逐渐认识[原文呈现][读文清障]RoyandIbecamegoodfriends.Wetrusted⑩eachotherandwecouldtalkaboutpersonalmatters⑪,thingsthatwereimportanttous⑫.⑩trust/trʌst/v.信赖,信任⑪personalmatters个人问题⑫things作personalmatters的同位语,被that定语从句修饰。罗伊的故事[第1~2段译文]我还记得第一次见到罗伊的情景。他站在一群男孩的中间,正说着笑话。他说到最后一句的时候,大家都哄堂大笑起来。罗伊也笑了,是那种开心的大笑。我当时心里想:“他是个受欢迎的男孩。”我叫丹尼尔,是班里的新学生。因为父亲在伦敦找了份更好的工作,我们全家就从英格兰北部搬到了那里。当时我12岁,因为失去了我所有的老朋友,在这所新学校里我感到害羞和孤独。在我的新班级里有33名学生。他们大都对(我这样)一个害羞的新来的男孩不太感兴趣。只有少数几个人对我友善,而罗伊则是其中的一个。他常邀请我加入他的特殊的小组,因此,我开始认识其他人,罗伊和我成了好朋友。我们互相信任,因此,我们可以谈论一些对我们重要的个人问题。[原文呈现][读文清障]⑬knock...over(开车)撞伤,撞死⑭inorderto为了,目的是⑮financially/faI'nænʃli/adv.财政上地⑯becloseto亲近,与……亲密close/kləʊs/adj.亲密的,亲近的⑰moody/'muːdi/adj.喜怒无常的becomingsilent...是现在分词短语作结果状语。Fiveyearslater,RoyandIarestillinthesameclass.Butjustunderayearago,Roy'sfatherwasknockedover⑬byacar.Hediedafewdayslater.Thefamilyhadtomovetoamuchsmallerhouseinorderto⑭managefinancially⑮.Roy,whohadalwaysbeenverycloseto⑯hisfather,changedcompletely,becomingsilentandmoody⑰.[原文呈现][读文清障]Hehadalwaysbeenaclever,hardworking⑱studentbutnowheseemedtoloseallinterestin⑲hiswork.Hestartedlosingfriends.Thesedays,RoyandIseeeachotherfromtimetotime⑳,butwe'renolongerclose.⑱hardworkingadj.工作努力的,辛勤的⑲loseinterestin对……失去兴趣⑳fromtimetotime偶尔,有时[第3段译文]五年过去了,罗伊和我还在同一个班里。但就在不到一年前,罗伊的父亲遭遇了车祸,几天后就去世了。他家不得不搬到了一个小很多的房子,以减轻经济负担。罗伊原来和他父亲关系十分亲密,而父亲去世后他彻底变了,变得沉默寡言、喜怒无常。他曾经一直是一个聪明又勤奋的学生,但他现在对学习似乎一点儿也不感兴趣了。他开始失去朋友。最近,我和罗伊还时而见面,但已经不再那么亲密了。[原文呈现][读文清障]Aboutthreemonthsago,agroupofuswereplayingfootballtogetherafterschool.○21Havingleftsomethinginthecloakroom○22,Iwentinsidetogetit,and○23foundRoygoingthrough○24thepocketsofpeople'scoats.○21Havingleftsomethinginthecloakroom是原因状语。○22cloakroom/'kləʊkrʊm/n.衣帽间,临时寄物处○23findsb.doingsth.发现某人正在做某事。○24gothrough此处为“翻找”的意思。[原文呈现][读文清障]Inhishandhehadawallet—andIknewitwasn'this!Mymouthfellopen○25andIjustlookedathim.Roywentbrightred○26.“I'llputitbackrightnow○27,”hesaid,andhedidso.Iturnedround○28andwalkedoutwithoutsayingaword.○25fallopen张大。fall是连系动词,意为“进入(某状态),开始变成”。○26gored是“连系动词go+adj.”结构,表示“变得……”,往往强调向不好的方面转变。gomad/bad变疯/变坏○27rightnow立即,立刻(=rightaway)○28turnround转过身来[第4段译文]大约三个月前,我们一群人放学后在一起踢足球。因为我把东西落在衣帽间了,我就进去取,这时我发现罗伊正在翻别人的衣服口袋。他手里拿着个钱包,我知道那不是他的!我张大了嘴,直盯着他。罗伊满脸通红。“我马上放回去。”他说着就把钱包放了回去。我转身没说一句话就走出去了。[原文呈现][读文清障]IreallyhopedthatRoywouldexplainwhyhehadbeenstealing,butinsteadhestartedavoiding○29me.Atthesametime○30,smallamounts○31ofmoneystarteddisappearingfromstudents'lockers○32.Iwonderedift