Grammar—复习定语和定语从句语法图解Section_Ⅲ探究发现①Ithoughtthisvastwaveoffoodwasthetotalnumberofdishestobeserved.②Everyoneelsejusttastedabitofeachdishandthenputtheirchopsticksdown,continuingtochat.③IstillrememberwhatIate:atunafishandcheesesandwich.④Doyouknowthegirlsingingoverthere?⑤Heisalwaysthefirstpersontoleavetheoffice.⑥OneeveninghewasentertainingtherulerofasmallislandinthePacific.⑦However,thereareotherkindsoffoodsthathavetakenlongerformetoaccept.⑧ButonethingIdoadmireisthepolitemannerinwhichBritishpeopleeat,evenifitisjustapotato.⑨Asweallknow,VladimirPutinwaselectedPresidentofRussiaafourthtime.⑩Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.[我的发现](1)①~⑥句中,彩体部分在句中均作定语,且句中作前置定语,作后置定语。(2)由②句可知,形容词修饰不定代词时要放在不定代词。(3)⑦~⑩句中,彩体部分均为从句。(4)⑨⑩句中,彩体部分为。①③②④⑤⑥定语后面非限制性定语从句一、定语1.概念修饰名词或者代词的词、短语或者从句称为定语。形容词、名词、代词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语以及从句等都可用来作定语。Abrightfutureshinesbeforemyeyes.光明的未来展现在我的面前。(形容词作定语)HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.他在英语方面的快速进步使我们很吃惊。(代词作定语)Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.我们的班长总是第一个进教室。(动词不定式作定语)Hewalkswiththehelpofawalkingstick.他在手杖的帮助下行走。(动名词作定语)Thereisnothingthatworrieshim.没有什么事使他烦恼。(从句作定语)2.位置定语的位置有两种:一种是前置定语,位于中心词之前,此时定语多为单个的词或复合词;另一种是后置定语,位于中心词之后,此时定语多为词组或从句。Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.中国是一个发展中国家,美国是一个发达国家。(单个词作前置定语)Whoisthemanshakinghandswithourteacher?和我们老师握手的那个人是谁?(分词短语作后置定语)[名师点津]something,anything,nothing等复合不定代词的修饰词,即使是单个词,也要后置。Thereissomethingwrongwithmywatch.我的手表出毛病了。3.多个词作定语时的顺序当多个词修饰同一个名词时,这些词的顺序为:限定词+性质(描绘/观点)+大小、长短、高低(矮)+形状+年龄、新旧+颜色+国籍、地区、出处+物质、材料+用途、类别+名词。acharmingsmallroundoldbrownChinesewoodentable一个迷人的、小而圆的、老式的、棕色中式木质桌子[巧学助记]限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老;颜色国籍跟材料,用途类别往后靠。4.名词作定语名词作定语时,往往是说明中心名词的材料、功能、目的、时间、地点、种类等。astonebridge石桥amotorcar摩托车peaceconference和平大会wintervacation寒假seafight海战sciencefiction科幻小说[即时演练1]画出下列句子中的定语①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)TheexhibitionwillbeheldintheCityMuseum,.②Itisreportedthatthefloodshaveleftabouttwothousandpeoplehomeless.③Theflowerssmellingsweetintheparkattractthepassersbytothebeautyofnature.④Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuice.locatedinthenorthofourcityfromfreshfruitgrownonhisownfarm⑤WeareinvitedtoapartyinclubFriday.⑥Thetownhasstreetsandhouses.⑦Lookattheglasses.⑧TheyareplayinganmatchagainstLiverpoolonSunday.⑨hairneedscutting.⑩Theroomsarebedroom.tobeheldournextoldnarrowsmallthatarebuiltclosetoeachotherbrokenimportantfootballYourtwoupstairsmysister's二、定语从句(一)定语从句中关系词的选择准确地判断关系词在定语从句中所作的成分是确定关系词的关键所在,再结合先行词自身的属性便可做到万无一失。关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语、宾语Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom,which和that在从句中作宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面的关系代词不能省略,也不可以用thatwhom人宾语MrSmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking.1.关系词引导的定语从句关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词whose人或物定语Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.whom,which和that在从句中作宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面的关系代词不能省略,也不可以用thatthat人或物主语、宾语、表语Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词which物主语、宾语、表语Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.whom,which和that在从句中作宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面的关系代词不能省略,也不可以用thatas人、物或事主语、宾语、表语Hewasn'tunconscious,ascouldbejudgedfromhiseyes.as作宾语一般不省略关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系副词when时间时间状语Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhichwhere地点地点状语ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用inwhichwhy原因原因状语Ican'timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhich2.定语从句的分类(1)定语从句有限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.(限制性定语从句)Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.(非限制性定语从句)(2)当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句,例如:CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.(3)非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.[名师点津]关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。[即时演练2]用适当的关系词填空①Ishethemanwillhelpyou?②HeisthemanIshookhandswithyesterday.③Theyrushedovertohelpthemanleghadbeenhurtbadly.④I'llneverforgetthedayswestudiedinBeijing.⑤Isthisthereasonhewaslateforthemeeting?⑥Theroomwindowfacessouthismine.who/thatwhom/thatwhosewhenwhywhose(二)难点突破1.“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句(1)关系代词作介词的宾语,当介词置于定语从句句首时,关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)。Thepencilwithwhichhewaswritingsuddenlybroke.他正在用来写字的铅笔突然断了。Lookatthephoto.ThisisMrGreen,infrontofwhomsitthreestudents.看这张照片。这是格林先生,在他的前面坐着三个学生。Doyourememberthedaywhen/onwhichyoujoinedourclub?你还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗?[名师点津]“介词+关系词”引导定语从句时介词的选择①介词的选择要根据定语从句中的谓语、先行词以及它们之间的搭配来确定。②有些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配,不可以拆开,故不能提到关系词前。③关系副词when根据先行词的不同可转化为:介词in/during/on/at等+which;关系副词where可转化为:介词in/on/at等+which;关系副词why可转化为:介词for+which。(2)“不定代词或数词+of+which/whom”引导的定语从句可转化为“of+which/whom+不定代词或数词”引导的定语从句。其中不定代词为:some,any,none,both,all,many,afew,few,alittle,little,either,neither,one,most,part等。Thereare40studentsinourclass,mostofwhom(=ofwhommost)likeEnglish.我们班有40名学生,他们中的大多数人喜欢英语。(3)“whose+名词”引导定语从句时,可转化为“the+名词+of+which/whom”或“of+which/whom+the+名词”。介词of表示所有关系。Iliveinaroomwhosewindowsareallbroken.=Iliveinaroom