2019年高中英语 Module 1 Deep South Section Ⅲ Grammar —

Section_ⅢGrammar—主语和动词语法图解探究发现①AntarcticaisthecoldestplaceonEarth.②TheycallitAnti­Arktikos,orAntarctica...③98%ofthesurfaceiscoveredpermanentlyintheicecap.④Tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisnoteasy.⑤Swimmingisagoodexercise.⑥Whetherhewillcomeisdoubtful.⑦Itisdifficulttoimagineamoreinhospitableplace.⑧Ihopetoseeyousoon.⑨Hecameinandsatdown.⑩Thestudentwentpalewhenhesawtheteacher.⑪Icaneasilytellmyfather'sstep.⑫Wehadn'twalkedfarwhenwelostourway.[我的发现](1)①～⑥句中的彩体部分在句中均作。(2)由④⑤⑥句可知，不定式、动词­ing形式、从句作主语时谓语动词通常要用形式。(3)⑦句中用作形式主语。(4)⑧～⑫句中，彩体部分均为，且句中的动词可直接作谓语，而句中的彩体部分不能单独作谓语。主语单数it动词⑧⑨⑩⑪⑫一、主语主语是句子的主体，是要说明的人或物；主语是相对谓语而言的，谓语说明主语的情况、提供新的信息。英语句子的语序一般是主语位于谓语之前，但也有主谓倒装的现象。名词、代词、数词、the＋形容词、不定式、动词­ing形式、从句等都可以作句子的主语。1．名词作主语Friendsaregiftsyougiveyourself.朋友是你送给自己的礼物。2．代词作主语Sheneedstimetogetusedtothenewlife.她需要时间来适应新的生活。3．数词作主语One­thirdofthestudentshavefinishedtheirhomeworkwhiletheothershaven't.三分之一的学生已经完成了作业，而其他人还没有完成。Thefirsttocomewasahandsomeyoungman.第一个到来的是一位英俊的年轻人。4．“the＋形容词”作主语Therichoftenlookdownonthepoor.富人经常看不起穷人。Thewoundedweretakentothehospitalimmediately.伤员被立刻送到医院里。5．不定式作主语Tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisnotsodifficultasyouthink.学好一门外语并不像你想象的那么难。6．动词­ing形式作主语Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.吸烟的确有害健康。7．从句作主语Whetherhewillcomeisdoubtful.他是否会来还不知道。WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecidedyet.我们什么时间进行英语测试仍然没有确定下来。[名师点津]不定式、动词­ing形式及从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，且it常置于句首。Itcostmetwentyyuantobuythedictionary.我花了20元钱买这本词典。Itisnousetalkingtohim—hewon'tlistentoyou.跟他谈话没用——他不会听你的。Itisapitythathecan'tswim.他不会游泳真遗憾。[即时演练1](1)用所给词的适当形式填空①The(child)areplayingontheswingsinthepark.②Inmyopinion,(swim)ismoredifficultthananythingelse.③Eachof(we)isdifferent.④(three­fourth)ofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.⑤(teach)thethreechildrenismyjobthisafternoon.childrenswimmingusThree­fourthsToteach(2)完成句子①(他在会议上说的话)leftadeepimpressiononme.②(喝杯葡萄酒)canmakemefeelrelaxed.③Itisdifficult(学好英语)ifyoudon'tworkhard.WhathesaidatthemeetingDrinkingacupofwinetolearnEnglishwell二、动词1．动词的概念动词是表示动作、状态或性质等的词，在句子中作谓语，是句子不可缺少的部分，用来说明主语是什么，处于什么状态或做什么。动词具有人称和数、时态和语态的变化。2．动词的分类(1)按句法功能分限定动词实义动词及物动词在句子中作谓语，后面需要跟宾语不及物动词在句子中作谓语，后面不跟宾语助动词不独立作谓语，与实义动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气、否定、疑问等结构系动词有实义但不独立作谓语，一般与表语一起作复合谓语情态动词有实义但不单独作谓语，表示说话人的语气、态度等非限定动词不定式在句子中可作主语、宾语、状语、定语、补语、表语等成分动词ing形式动词ed形式在句子中作表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等HedescribedtheamazingthingshesawinChinasuchaspapermoneyandblackstonethatburned(coal)．他描述了他在中国看到的令人吃惊的东西，比如纸币和可燃烧的黑石头(煤)。Hedidn'tappearatthepartyyesterday.他昨天没在晚会上出现。Whenspringcomes,theweathergetswarmerandthedaysgetlonger.春天来了，天气变暖，白天变长。Asstudents,youmuststudyhard.作为学生，你们必须努力学习。It'stoodifficultforhimtomasterEnglishinsuchashorttime.他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。Wecaughthimsmokingintheclassroom.我们发现他在教室内吸烟。Seenfromtheplane,theAntarcticlooksverybeautiful.从飞机上看，南极洲非常美丽。(2)按意义分动态动词延续性动词能持续一段时间的动词，如learn,live,work等非延续性动词不能持续，瞬间发生的动词，如open,leave,see等静态动词stand,remain,like,think,sleep,lie等Istayedtwoweeksattheseaside.我在海边待了两个星期。Isawheratthepostofficeamomentago.我刚才看见她在邮局。[名师点津]非延续性动词常与表示时间点的时间状语连用，若用于否定句，则可以和表示一段时间的状语连用；而延续性动词可与表示一段时间的状语连用。[即时演练2](1)完成句子①(2016·天津高考改编)I'mgoingtotoexplorethehistoryofthecastle.我将利用这次旅行来探索这座城堡的历史。②Aftergraduation,.毕业后她成了护士。③Hesincelastyear.从去年开始，他就在工厂里工作。④Hearrivedtoolateand.他到得太晚，没赶上火车。takeadvantageofthistoursheturnednursehasworkedinthefactorydidn'tcatch/missedthetrain(2)单句改错①Shehasgotmarriedfor3years.②Shewasprovedveryhonest.③Neverheseensuchabeautifulsight.got→been去掉wasNever后加hasⅠ.单句语法填空1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Later,engineers(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道),whichbecameknownastheTube.2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,school(come)first.3．(2017·天津高考改编)I(drive)downtoLondonwhenIsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad.managedcomeswasdriving4．(2017·江苏高考改编)Hehurriedhome,neveroncelookingbacktoseeifhe(follow)．5．(2016·浙江高考)Silk(become)oneoftheprimarygoodstradedalongtheSilkRoadbyabout100BC.6．Ithinkitisnecessary(learn)science.7．(listen)tomusiccanrelaxourbrains.8．Whenandwhere(build)thenewfactoryhasnotbeendecidedyet.9．Someofthem(be)redandothersarebrown.10．It'sawasteofmoney(buy)suchthingsyoudon'treallyneed.wasbeingfollowedhadbecometolearnListeningtobuildarebuyingⅡ.完成句子1．(2017·浙江高考写作)istotellyouthattherewillbeanoutingforusthesedays.我写信的目的是想告诉你最近我们有一次郊游。2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)What'smore,gainsomepreciousexperienceandhelpmebetteradapttothedevelopmentandchangesofsociety.此外，做兼职可以让我获得宝贵的经验，并且帮助我更好地适应社会的发展与变化。Thepurposeofmywritingdoingthepart­timejobcanletme3．(2015·四川高考满分作文)Inaddition,ItwoexchangestudentswiththeirMandarinlearningduringthepasttwoyears.此外，在过去的两年里，我曾志愿帮助两名交换生学习普通话。4．(2015·陕西高考满分作文)Thirdly,throughthisinterestingjob,Iinspeakingandwritingquickly.第三，通过这个有趣的工作，我可以迅速提高我的英语口语和写作水平。havevolunteeredtohelpcanimprovemyEnglish5．(2015·广东高考满分作文)Finallytheyratherthanpassiveones.最后，他们将成为积极的学习者，而不是被动的学习者。6．Secondly,composedmainlybywheatflour.其次，这里的人喜欢主要含面粉的食物。willbecomeactivelearnerspeopleherelikethefoodⅢ.短文改错TherewasmybirthdaylastSunday.Abigpartyheldformeathome.Someofmyfriendcametomyhomebringingusdifferentkindsofgifts,suchasbooks,cards,flowers,andsoon.Myparentsspentovertwohourspreparedaspecialdinner.Afterdinner,we