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模块语法聚焦四现在完成时(三)教材典句1．—Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?你像这样有多长时间了？—SinceFriday.I'vebeenillforaboutthreedays!自从周五。我已经病了大概三天了！2．Ihaven'tdonemuchexercisesinceIgotmycomputerlastyear.自从去年我有了电脑以来，我就没怎么锻炼过。3．Wehaveplayedfootballforayearnow.现在我们踢了一年的足球。模块语法聚焦四语法探究1．如果要表达某一行为或状态从过去某时间一直持续到现在，则要用现在完成时态。这时，句子通常要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，这类状语通常由for或since来引导。需要注意的是，for后面接一段时间，而since后面接时间点或过去时态的句子，即for用来说明动作延续的时间长度，since用来说明动作的起始时间。例如：IhavelivedinHebeifortenyears.我在河北已经住了十年。Hehasbeeninthisschoolsince2010.自从2010年起，他就在这所学校了。MysisterhaslearntEnglishsinceshewasfour.我姐姐从4岁起就开始学英语。2．如果要对现在完成时态句子中的时间状语进行提问，通常要用howlong。例如：—HowlonghaveyoustudiedEnglish?你学英语学了多长时间了？—Forfouryears.四年了。—Howlonghashetaughthere?他在这儿教书多长时间了？—Sincefiveyearsago.自从五年前。模块语法聚焦四3．在现在完成时态的句子中，短暂性动词一般不能与时间段连用，但在否定句中，则一般可以和表示一段时间的for短语连用。例如：Ihavestayedinthehotelforaweek.我已经在这家宾馆待了一周了。Myparentshaven'tseenmefortwoyears.我父母有两年没见我了。Hehasn'tcometoschoolforaweek.他一周没来上学了。[注意]短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，但如果要保留表示一段时间的时间状语，必须将短暂性动词改为延续性动词。常见的短暂性动词转换为延续性动词如下：模块语法聚焦四(1)fallasleep→beasleep(2)begin/start→beon(3)buy→have(4)die→bedead(5)come→bein(6)arrive→behere(7)join→bein/beamemberof(8)finish/end→beover(9)leave→beaway(10)borrow→keep(11)begintostudy→study(12)comeback→beback模块语法聚焦四4．现在完成时态还经常用于“It'sthefirst/second…timethat…”结构中。例如：It'sthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedhere.这是我第一次参观这里。Itwillbethethirdtimethatyouhaveseenthefilmwithme.这将是你第三次和我一起看电影。模块语法聚焦四实战演练Ⅰ.单项填空()1.—Lookatthesestamps.I________themforfiveyears.—Wow,theyarewonderful.A．keptB．havekeptC．haveboughtD．bought[答案]B模块语法聚焦四()2.[2016·宜宾]It'salreadytensofyears________theworld'spopulationreachedfivebillion.A．beforeB．afterC．sinceD．for[答案]C模块语法聚焦四()3.OurforeignteacherMrGreen________usEnglishsincethreeyearsago.A．hastaughtB．isteachingC．taughtD．teaches[答案]A模块语法聚焦四()4.[2017·扬州]—Youhaveanicecar.—Thankyou.I________itforlessthanonemonth.A．boughtB．haveboughtC．hadD．havehad模块语法聚焦四[答案]D()5.RickhaslearnedalotaboutChineseculture________hecametoChina.A．beforeB．whenC．untilD．since[解析]D考查连词的用法。句意：Rick已经学了许多中国文化________他来到中国。before意为“在……之前”；when意为“当……的时候”；until意为“直到”；since意为“自从”。since引导过去时态的时间状语从句时，其主句用现在完成时。故选D。模块语法聚焦四()6.—________haveyoulearnedChinese?—For3years.A．HowoftenB．HowmuchC．HowlongD．Howsoon[解析]C由答语“For3years.”可知，上句是问“多长时间”，故选C。模块语法聚焦四()7.[2017·宿迁]Mygrandparents________forover60yearsandtheyloveeachotherverymuch.A．havebeenmarriedB．gotmarriedC．weremarriedD．havegotmarried[答案]A模块语法聚焦四()8.[2017·凉山]—LastnightIwenttoaconcertofChinesefolkmusic.ErquanYingyuewassosadbutbeautifulthatIsensedastrongsadnessandpainunderthebeauty.—Soitwas.Themusicianwhoplayeditlastnight________toplaytheerhusincehe________veryyoung.A．learned;wasB．haslearned;amC．haslearned;wasD．learned;hasbeen[答案]C模块语法聚焦四()9.[2017·西宁]Hisgrandmother________for6years.Andhestillmissesherverymuch.A．diedB．hasdiedC．hasbeendeadD．hasbeendied()10.[2016·济南]—DoesJimmystillworkasadriver?—No.Hehas________fortwoyears.A．leftthecompanyB．gonetoShanghaiC．studiedincollegeD．losthisjob[答案]C模块语法聚焦四[答案]C()11.[2016·威海]—Isthatanewcoat?—No,I________itforalongtime.A．boughtB．haveboughtC．havehad()12.[2017·达州]—Where'syourbrother?—Oh,he________thelibraryand________.A．hasbeento;soLucyisB．hasgoneto;soLucyhasC．hasgoneto;sohasLucyD．hasbeenin;sohasLucy[答案]C模块语法聚焦四[答案]C()13.—When________you________thenewbike?—I________itfor2days.A．did;have;boughtB．did;buy;havehadC．did;buy;havebought()14.[2017·江西]SincewebegantousetheInternet,ourlives________alot.A．changeB．hadchangedC．willchangeD．havechanged[答案]D模块语法聚焦四[答案]B()15.[2017·邵阳]—Whereisyourfather,Bruce?—He________Shanghai.He'llbebackin3days.A．hasbeentoB．hasgonetoC．wenttoD．willgo[答案]B模块语法聚焦四Ⅱ.用for和since填空1．Shehasworkedhere________2014.2．Wehaveknowneachother________sixyears.3．Hehaslearntabout1，000Englishwords________hewenttocollege.4．Ihaveknownhim________twoyearsago.5．Shehasbeenaway________aboutfouryears.sinceforsincesincefor模块语法聚焦四6．________then,Ihaveneverhadanyfish.7．IhavestudiedEnglish________2009.8．MrBrownhasbeeninShanghai________abouttwoweeks.9．It'sthreeyears________theoldmandied.10．Thefilmhasbeenon________15minutes.Wearelate.forSincesinceforsince模块语法聚焦四Ⅲ.根据汉语意思完成句子1．自从政府建立了这个自然公园，许多动物都在这里生活得很安宁。Manyanimals________________hereinpeace________thegovernment________upthenaturepark.2．我们学习英语至少有四年了。We________________________________________English________atleastfouryears.3．自从毕业后她一直在从事护士工作。She________________asanurse________hergraduation.havelivedhavestudied/learned/learnthasworkedsince模块语法聚焦四sincesetfor4．[2017·兰州]她参军已经快十年了。She________________inthearmyforalmost10years.5．他买这辆红色小汽车两年了。He________________theredcarfortwoyears.hasbeenhashad模块语法聚焦四