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SectionⅢUsinglanguage&WritingUnit6Earthfirsting形式和ed形式作宾语补足语补足语是用来说明宾语或主语情况的成分，在英语中，ing形式和ed形式都可以作补足语。1．ing形式作宾语补足语ing形式作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系。能接ing形式作补语的有两类动词：(1)感觉、感官类动词：see,notice,watch,lookat,hear,listento,find,feel,smell等。◆Heheardthewindblowingoutside.他听到外边在刮风。◆Ifeltmyheartbeatingfaster.我感到我的心跳得更快了。(2)使役动词：keep,get,leave,have等。◆I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.不好意思让你等这么久。◆Thecaptaingotthesoldiersmovingtowardthefrontafterashortrest.休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们朝前线行进。2．ed形式作补语ed形式作宾语补足语既可表示被动又可表示动作已经完成；宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是动宾关系。ed形式作补语的常见情况：(1)位于feel,find,hear,notice,see,smell,observe等感官动词后作补语。◆Shewasgladtoseeherchildtakengoodcareof.她很高兴看到自己的孩子被照顾得很好。◆IwassleepingwhenIheardmynamecalled.我正在睡觉，这时听到有人喊我的名字。(2)位于get,have,make,keep,leave等使役动词后作补语。◆Theyaregoingtohavethehousepaintedwhite.他们准备把房子刷成白色。1．使役动词have,get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：(1)havesth.done＝getsth.done◆Ihad/gotmyhaircutyesterday.我昨天理了发。◆Theladyhad/gotherbagstolenonthebusyesterday.昨天，这位女士的包在公共汽车上被偷了。(2)havesb./sth.doingsth.让某人/某物一直做某事；getsb./sth.doingsth.使某人/某物(开始)做某事。sb./sth.与构成现在分词的动词之间是主谓关系。◆Don’thavethewaterrunningwhilebrushingyourteeth.刷牙时，别让水一直流着。◆Let’sgetthemachinerunning.让我们使这台机器运转起来吧。(3)havesb.dosth./getsb.todosth.让某人做某事；havesth.todo有某事要做(todo作后置定语)。◆Myparentsalwaysgetmetodosomehousework.父母总是让我做些家务。◆Themanagerhadhissecretarycollectsomeinformation.经理让他的秘书收集些信息。2．with复合结构中作宾补的非谓语动词“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构可在句中作定语或状语(表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等)，宾补可以是名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。在此我们重点讲解宾补是分词和不定式的情况。(1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词。现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行。◆Helayonthegrasswithhiseyeslookingatthesky.他躺在草地上，眼望着天空。(伴随状语)(2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词。过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成。◆Withhishaircut,helookedmuchyounger.理了发，他看起来年轻多了。(原因状语)(3)with＋名词/代词＋不定式。不定式表示动作尚未发生。切记：不定式一般情况下都用主动形式。◆Withalotofhomeworktodo,Ican’tgoskatingwithyou.因为有很多家庭作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰了。(原因状语)Ⅰ单句语法填空1．WhenIpassedbyhisoffice,Iheardhim_________(sing)aChinesesong.2．Theplacelooksmuchbettersincetheyhadit____________(redecorate)．3．Tomhasbeenawayfromhomefortwoyears,leavinghisroom____________(cover)withdust.4．WhenIsawthedog____________(beat)byseveralboys,Icameuptostopthem.singingredecoratedcoveredbeingbeaten5．Themanleftus____________(stand)alone,unabletofindanyhelp.6．WhentheGreensfoundtheirhouse____________(break)into,theycalledthepoliceatonce.7．Didyouhearthesong________(sing)inChinesewhenintheU．S.A.?8．WhenIwasonmywaytoschoolthismorning,Isawtwowomen____________(argue)．9．Abeggarinragsstoodtherewithhiseyes____________(stare)atthesteakontheplate.10．Don’tleavethegirl____________(wait)outsideallthetime.standingbrokensungarguingstaringwaitingⅡ语法与写作1．Mymotherkeptme__________________________________(练习弹钢琴),whichmademeannoyed.2．________________________(随着温度的升高),theleavesandgrassbegantoappear.3．Tohissurprise,hedidn’t____________________________(注意到被人偷)onthebus.practising/practicingplayingthepianoWiththetemperaturerisingnoticehiswalletstolen4．Thecouplefeltverysatisfiedtoseetheirdaughter_______________________(受到很好的照顾)inthenewnursery.5．Jack________________________(摔断了左腿)whileplayingfootball,whichmadeallofusverysad.takengoodcareofhadhisleftlegbroken劝说信文体感知劝说信的内容来源于我们对生活的感知，是就我们所发现的家庭生活、学校生活或社会生活中的某种现象，向某个组织或个人提出劝说性的建议的一种应用文体。增分佳句1．Thereasonwhytheenvironmentispollutedisthatwedon’tattachgreatimportancetoit.2．Weareconcernedthatmaterialswillbeusedupsoon.3．Nowpeopleingrowingnumbersarecomingtorealizethattakingexerciseisbeneficialtoourhealth.4．Arecentstudyshowsthatpeoplespendmostoftheirsparetimeonphones.5．Inordertosolvetheproblem,weshouldreducewaste.6．IhopeyoucantakewhatIhavesaidintoaccount.7．Iwishyoucanrealizetheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection.8．Wewillsparenoeffortstoprotectourearth.写作要求每年的10月31日是联合国确定的“世界勤俭日”。假如你是李华，请针对校园中学生花钱如水、没有节约意识以及追求高水平生活、追求时髦等现象，写一封劝说信，鼓励同学们养成勤俭节约的好习惯。注意：1.词数80左右；2．开头和结尾已写好，不计入总词数。Dearfriends，Asweknow,WorldThriftDayfallsonOctober31st.SothistimeI’dliketodiscussthriftwithyou.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Bestwishes.Yoursfaithfully，LiHua审题谋篇项目结论体裁应用文话题提倡勤俭节约时态一般现在时人称第一、第三人称词句推敲1．词汇①花销_________________②概念_________________③生活水平_________________④追求_________________⑤价值观_________________expenditureconceptlivingstandardpursuevalues2．句式①最近几年，中学生的花销急剧上升。普通表达：Inrecentyears,theexpenditureofmiddleschoolstudentshasrisensharply.高级表达：Inrecentyears,theexpenditureofmiddleschoolstudents__________________________________．(用高级词汇ontherise/increase改写)hasbeenonthesharprise/increase②一些学生喜欢追求时尚和潮流，这将花费更多的钱。普通表达：Somestudentsliketopursuefashionandtrends.Thistendstoneedmoremoney.高级表达：_________________________________________________________________________(用非限制性定语从句改写)Somestudentsliketopursuefashionandtrends,whichtendstoneedmoremoney.妙笔成篇_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________