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SectionⅡUsinglanguageAsfruitneedsnotonlysunshinebutcoldnightsandchillingshowerstoripenit,socharacterneedsnotonlyjoybuttrialanddifficultytomellowit.—HughBlack,Americanwriter水果不仅需要阳光，也需要寒夜。寒冷的雨水能使其成熟。人的性格陶冶不仅需要欢乐，也需要考验和困难。——休·布莱克(美国作家)[主干图解]定语从句(3)[探究发现]1．However,afterayearorsoinwhichtheybecamemoreseriousabouttheirwork,theMonkeesstartedtoplayandsingtheirownsongslikearealband.2．However,thenextKingofPrussia,FrederickWilliamⅠ，towhomtheamberroombelonged,decidednottokeepit.3．Later,theymaygiveperformancesinpubsorclubs,forwhichtheyarepaidincash.4．Theymaystartasagroupofhighschoolstudents,forwhompractisingtheirmusicinsomeone'shouseisthefirststeptofame.[我的发现](1)以上四个句子都使用了“”引导的定语从句。先行词若指物，那么介词后的关系代词用；若指人，则用。(2)以上四个句子中，句1是定语从句，句2、3、4是定语从句。介词＋关系代词whichwhom限制性非限制性一、基本构成在“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词指物用which，指人用whom，不可用that或who代替。TherecomesTom,forwhomIhavebeenwaitinganhourorso.汤姆来了，我等了他大约一个小时。HehandedmeapenwithwhichIwrotedownhisphonenumber.他递给我一支钢笔，我用它记下了他的电话号码。Theuniversityinwhichmybrotheroncestudiedisveryfamous.我哥哥曾经就读的大学很有名。[即时训练1]用“介词＋关系代词”填空①Ourschoolisverybeautiful,wearegreatlyproud.②Thankyouforyourhelp,wecouldn'thavefinishedthetaskontime.③ThisisthemanIlearnedalotinmylife.④WangHong,Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyedherselfverymuch.ofwhichwithoutwhichfromwhomwithwhom二、介词不能提前的情况有些固定动词短语中的介词一般不能提前。常见的这类动词短语有listento,lookat,dependon,lookfor,payattentionto,takecareof,lookafter,takepartin,callon,catchupwith,getalongwith,hearof,lookforwardto等。Thismustbethekeythatsheislookingfor.这一定是她正在寻找的那把钥匙。Thisisthebabywhomyouwilllookafter.这就是你将要照看的那个婴儿。Weoftentalkaboutthepeopleandthethingsthatweheardof.我们经常谈论我们听说的人和事。[即时训练2]完成句子①AsfarasIknow,heisaman(很难相处)．②Thisisthebaby(我奶奶照看的)．三、“介词＋关系代词”的拓展1．复合介词＋关系代词用于该结构的关系代词有which,whom和whose。常用的复合介词有becauseof,infrontof,asaresultof,atthebackof等。whoishardtogetalongwithwhom/thatmygrandmatakescareofHewasbadlyhurtintheaccident,becauseofwhichhedidn'tgotowork.他在事故中严重受伤，因为这个原因他没去上班。Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsataboy.他们来到一座农舍，农舍前面坐着一个男孩。2．表部分或整体概念的“代词＋of＋关系代词”表示部分与整体概念的代词有both,all,neither,none,either,some,any,most,few,one,half等。Hehaslotsofhobbies,oneofwhichisswimming.他有很多爱好，其中之一是游泳。Theoldmanhasthreesons,allofwhomcareabouthim.那位老人有3个儿子，他们都很关心他。[即时训练3]完成句子①Therearesixtystudentsinourclassinall,(他们中的多数都来自农村)．②Twogirlscametoseethecar,(她们中没有一个)likedit.③Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,(它们中的80%)aresoldabroad.④Hewasillyesterday,(由于这个原因)hecouldn'tgotoschool.mostofwhomarefromcountrysideneitherofwhom80%ofwhichasaresultofwhich3．the＋名词＋of＋关系代词此结构用来代替“whose＋名词”，也可用“ofwhichthe＋名词”。Theydoexperimentsinalab,thewindowsofwhich/ofwhichthewindows/whosewindowsfacesouth.他们在窗户朝南的实验室里做实验。Iwilltalktothosestudentsthehomeworkofwhom/whosehomework/ofwhomthehomeworkhasn'tbeendone.我要和没完成作业的学生谈话。[即时训练4]句型转换/完成句子Isawsometrees,theleavesofwhichwereblackbecauseofdisease.①Isawsometrees,wereblackbecauseofdisease.②Isawsometrees,wereblackbecauseofdisease.③Therearetwobuildings,standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.有两栋建筑物，其中较大的那栋建筑物将近有100英尺高。whoseleavesofwhichtheleavesthelargerofwhich4．关系副词when,where,why可用“介词＋which”来代替Ioftenthinkofthemomentwhen(＝atwhich)IsawtheUFO.我常常想起我看见不明飞行物的那一刻。Thepolicesearchedthehousewhere(＝inwhich)thethiefhadstayed.警察搜查了那个小偷待过的房子。Idon'tknowthereasonwhy(＝forwhich)heperformedbadly.我不知道他为什么表现差。[即时训练5]句型转换①Weareinapositionwherewemaylosealargesumofmoney.→Weareinapositionwemaylosealargesumofmoney.②Wearelookingforwardtothedaywhenwewillgettogether.→Wearelookingforwardtothedaywewillgettogether.③Idon'tknowthereasonwhythehouseissodirty.→Idon'tknowthereasonthehouseissodirty.inwhichonwhichforwhich四、theway后的定语从句的关系词way表示“方法，方式”时，其后的定语从句有两种情况：1．theway的关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，用that和which均可，作宾语时可省略。Theway(that/which)hethoughtoftopreventtheairpollutionwasverygood.他想出的防止空气污染的方法非常好。(关系词代替theway在定语从句中作thoughtof的宾语)Idon'tliketheway(that/inwhich)youspeaktoyourmother.我不喜欢你同你母亲说话的方式。[即时训练6]用适当的关系代词或“介词＋关系代词”填空①Thevillagersthoughthighlyofthewaywetreatedthebeggar.②Thewayyoutoldmewasn'tpractical.③Hesuggestedsettlingtheprobleminawaywaspeaceful.2．theway的关系词在定语从句中作方式状语时，用that或inwhich均可，现代英语倾向于省略关系词。(inwhich/that)(that/which)which/thatThedogandtheshadowIthappenedthatadoghadgotapieceofmeatandwascarryingitinhismouthtosomeplaceinwhichhecaneatitinpeace.Ashecrossedaplanklyingacrossarunningbrook,helookeddownandsawhisownshadowreflectedinthewaterbeneath.Thinkingitwasanotherdogwithanotherpieceofmeat,hemadeuphismindtohavethatalso.Sohemadeasnapattheshadowinthewater,butasheopenedhismouththepieceofmeatfellout,droppedintothewaterandwasneverseenmore.点评：文中第一句中的“inwhichhecaneatitinpeace”为“介词in＋which”引导的定语从句，其中inwhich可以替换成关系副词where。1．Guangxiisaprovince.TheLongjiRiceTerracesarelocatedinit.广西是一个省，龙脊梯田位于那里。★locatedadj.位于……的(1)belocatedon/in/at,on表示意思是上面；in＋大地方名称；at＋小地方名称/具体地方(2)locatevt.把……设置在；使坐落于①GreeceislocatedinthesouthofEurope.希腊位于欧洲南部。②Locateyourfireplaceagainstanexternalwall.把壁炉建在紧靠外墙的地方吧。[即时训练]完成句子①Thecompanyinthesuburbs.该公司把它的分公司设在郊区。②ThemuseumMainStreet.博物馆位于梅茵街。locateditsbranchofficeislocatedon2．TheEnglishChannelseparatesEnglandfromFrance.英吉利海峡把英国和法国分开。★separatevt.使分离