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SectionⅡUsinglanguageAmanisnotoldaslongasheisseekingsomething.Amanisnotolduntilregretstaketheplaceofdreams.只要一个人还有追求，他就没有老。直到后悔取代了梦想，一个人才算老。动词ing形式作定语[主干图解][探究发现]①...therewereover200,000peoplereadingmyblog!②NowIspendthreeweeksoutofeverymonthtravellingandhaveover464,000fansfollowingmeonline.③Ilovetophotographtherisingsun...④Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.[我的发现](1)现在分词(短语)作定语的句子为句。(2)动名词作定语的句子为句。(3)比较句①②和句③，可以看出单个现在分词作定语时要放在它所修饰的名词；现在分词短语作定语时要放在它所修饰的名词。(4)由句④可以看出，动名词作定语表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途，相当于引导的介词短语。①②③④前面后面for一、现在分词和动名词作定语的区别1．现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰词之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰词进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。Theboyplayingfootballontheplaygroundismyyoungerbrother.＝Theboythat/whoisplayingfootballontheplaygroundismyyoungerbrother.在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。2．动名词作定语表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途，相当于for引导的介词短语。Nooneisallowedtospeakaloudinthereadingroom.阅览室里不准大声说话。[即时训练1](1)一句多译正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。①(现在分词短语作定语)②(定语从句)(2)用所给词的适当形式填空③Aftertheparty,mostguestsleft,withonlytwoofthem(remain)inthehostfamily.④Theflowers(smell)sweetinthebotanicalgardenattractthevisitorstoenjoythebeautyofnature.⑤Iboughta(wash)machinefromthestoreyesterday.Themanspeakingtotheteacherisourmonitor'sfather.Themanspeakingtotheteacherisourmonitor'sfather.father.remainingsmellingwashing二、现在分词作定语的位置单个的分词作定语时，一般放在被修饰词之前；现在分词短语作定语时，一般放在被修饰词之后，且往往可转化为定语从句。Youshouldadapttothechangingsituation.你应该适应变化的形势。Themansittingunderabigtreeismyuncle.坐在大树下的那个人是我的叔叔。Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowwillbeourdininghall.＝Thebuildingwhichisbeingbuiltnowwillbeourdininghall.现在正在建造的建筑将会是我们的食堂。[名师指津](1)能前置的现在分词大都是已经被形容词化了的现在分词，它之前常有程度副词，甚至还有最高级等。常见的有：exciting,interesting,surprising,puzzling,frightening,amusing等。(2)现在分词的完成式(即havingdone/havingbeendone)一般不作定语。Hebroughtusaninterestingbook.他给我们带来了一本有趣的书。看完电影的学生们正走出电影院。[正]Thestudentswhohaveseenthefilmarecomingoutofthecinema.[误]Thestudentshavingseenthefilmarecomingoutofthecinema.(3)现在分词、过去分词和不定式作定语的一般区别：现在分词表示正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示动作尚未发生。Thestoryhadasatisfyingending.这个故事有个令人满意的结局。IliketohearsongssungbyJackson.我喜欢听杰克逊唱的歌。I'mlookingforaroomtolivein.我正在找房子住。[即时训练2]用所给词的适当形式填空①Ourschoolwentonan(organize)triplastweek.②Thenextthing(do)istoencouragehimtowalkon.③There'sanotepinnedtothedoor(say)whentheshopwillopenagain.organizedtodosayingNapoleonWasIllJackwenttouniversitytostudyhistory,butattheendofhisfirstyear,hishistoryprofessorfailedhiminhisexaminations,andhewastoldthathewouldhavetoleavetheuniversity.Whatdisappointingnewstohisfather!However,hisfatherdecidedthathewouldgotoseetheprofessortourgehimtoletJackcontinuehisstudiesthefollowingyear.“He'sagoodboyandheoftenstudiesinthereadingroomonweekends，”saidJack'sfather,“andifyoulethimpassthistime,I'msurehe'llimprovealotnextyearandgetasatisfyingresult.”“No,no,that'squiteimpossible，”repliedtheprofessorimmediately.“Doyouknow,lastmonthIaskedhimwhenNapoleondied,hedidn'tknow！”“Please,sir,givehimanotherchance，”saidJack'sfather.“Yousee,I'mafraidwedon'ttakeanynewspapersinourhouse,sononeofusevenknowthatNapoleonwasill.”注：文中黑体单词为动词ing形式作定语。1．PeoplewhotravelaboardtheBerninaExpresshavethechancetoseeincredibleviews.乘坐伯尼纳快车的人们有机会看到令人难以置信的美景。★aboardadv.&prep.在船(飞机、火车)上；上船(飞机、火车)(1)Allaboard！[口]请大家上船/车/飞机！Welcomeaboard!欢迎乘坐本机(车、船)goaboard上船(车、飞机)(2)onboard＝aboard在船上(飞机上或车上)①Allthepeopleaboardwerekilledintheaccident.船(车/飞机)上所有的人在这次事故中都死了。②Luckily,wewereintimetotheplane.幸运的是，我们及时登上了飞机。③Everybodyboardwasworriedandwewerecurioustofindoutwhathadhappened.飞机上的每个人都很着急，而且我们急于想了解出了什么事。[名师指津]aboard与abroad单词拼写有点类似，但是读音及意义完全不同。abroad只作副词，意为“在国外，到国外”。goabroad“出国”；athomeandabroad“在国内外”。goboardon2．ThereisnodoubtthattheBerninaExpressisajourneyfortravellerswhowanttogetbacktonature...毫无疑问，伯尼纳快车对于那些想要回归自然的旅行者来说是一趟旅程……★Thereisnodoubtthat...“毫无疑问……”，that引导同位语从句。①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)ThereisnodoubtthatIhavelittledifficultycommunicatingwithforeigners.毫无疑问，我与外国人交流几乎没有什么困难。(1)nodoubt...毫无疑问……Thereissomedoubtwhether...怀疑是否……(2)don'tdoubtthat...不怀疑……doubtwhether/if...怀疑是否……②Nodoubtthatchildrentherearebadlyinneedofcareandhelp.无疑那里的儿童非常需要关怀和帮助。③Youcancomplain,butIdoubtitwillmakeanydifference.你可以抱怨，但我怀疑抱怨是否会起作用。④Thereisstillsomedoubttheautumnsportsmeetingwillbeheldinourschool.我们学校是否会举行秋季运动会还有些疑问。if/whetherwhether[名师指津](1)doubt作动词讲时，在肯定句中接if/whether引导的宾语从句；在疑问句和否定句中接that引导的宾语从句。(2)当doubt用作名词时，在肯定句中接whether引导的同位语从句；在否定句中接that引导的同位语从句。3．I'vealsobookedaccommodationbasedonthebudgetwemade.我也根据我们的预算预订了住宿。★basedon...根据……①Ichooseyesornobasedonmygoals.我根据自己的目标来选择是或者不是。(1)basev．以……为根据/基础；基于n.基部；基地；基础base...on...以……为……的基础bebasedon/upon以……为基础/依据(2)basicadj.基本的；基础的②Oneshouldalwaysbasehisopinionfacts.一个人应该始终以事实为依据发表自己的观点。③Inmydiary,Isetdownaseriesofthingsthatfacts.在我的日记里，我记下了一系列有事实根据的事情。onareallbasedon/upon4．I'veboughttheplaneticketsandarrangedtransferfromtheairporttothehotel.我已经买了飞机票，并安排了从机场到酒店的转机。★arrangev．安排；筹备；整理(1)arrangeforsb.todosth.安排某人做某事arrangesth.forsb./sth.为某人/某活动安排好某事arrangetodosth.安排做某事(2)arrangementn.安排；筹备makearrangementsfor为……作安排①I'dliketotellyouthatmyclassmatesandIhavearrangedtovisitthenearbynursinghomenextSaturdayfortheDoubleNinthFestival.我想告诉你，我和我的同学已安排好下周六重阳节去拜访附近的敬老院。②It'snotnecessaryforparentstoarrangee