搜索
SectionⅢDiscoveringUsefulStructures——定语从句(2)Twentyyearsfromnowyouwillbemoredisappointedbythethingsthatyoudidn'tdothanbytheonesyoudiddo.Sothrowoffthebowlines.Sailawayfromthesafeharbour.Catchthetradewindsinyoursails.Explore.Dream.Discover.20年后，让你觉得更失望的不是你做过的事情，而是你没有做过的事情。所以，解开帆索，从安全的港湾里扬帆出行吧。乘着信风，去探索，去梦想，去发现！[主干图解][探究发现]1．ThedayonwhichImetthepopstarwasagreatdayofmylife.2．SheisgoingtoliveinMarco,whereshehassomeclosefriends.3．Thisisthehallinwhichthemedicalconferencewillbeheld.4．Thecouplehavetwochildren,neitherofwhomliveswiththem.5．IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstmetJennier.6．Thatwasthereasonwhyhewassoupset.[我的发现](1)句2中，关系副词在定语从句中作地点状语；句5中，关系副词在定语从句中作时间状语；句6中，关系副词在定语从句中作原因状语。(2)句1、3、4中，“介词＋”引导的定语从句中的介词多与从句的谓语动词搭配以及具体语境有关。同时which用于指代物，而whom用于指代人。wherewhenwhywhich/whom[新知突破]1．WhenIstartedstudyingGerman,itwasastruggle.当我开始学习德语时，真是困难重重。★strugglen．&vi.斗争；奋斗；搏击strugglewith/against与……作斗争strugglefor为……而斗争struggletodosth.努力做某事struggletoone'sfeet挣扎着站起来①Everyonestrugglestoliveahappylife.每个人都努力过上幸福的生活。②Theyhadtostrugglefortheirlivesagainst/withbadweather.为了生存，他们不得不与坏天气抗争。[即时训练]Ⅰ.单句语法填空①Theystruggledallthroughtheyearstheenemy.②Thefoxstruggled(escape)fromthecage.③Hestruggledhisfeetanddraggedslowlyahead.against/withtoescapetoⅡ.句型转换④Womenarefightingforequalpayforequalwork.→Womenareequalpayforequalwork.⑤Thewoundedsoldierrosetohisfeetwithdifficulty.→Thewoundedsoldier.⑥Twodogswerefightingwitheachotherforapieceofbone.→Twodogswereeachotherforapieceofbone.strugglingforstruggledtohisfeetstrugglingwith2.Itwasexerciseforthebrain;themoreIlearntofalanguage,themoremybrainwouldgrow.这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言的了解越多，我的大脑就发育的越充分。★“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”句式表示“越……就越……”。第一个“the＋比较级”相当于条件状语从句，通常用一般现在时代替将来时；第二个“the＋比较级”相当于主句，通常用一般将来时。①Themoreyouread,themoreyou'lllearn.你读得越多，收获就会越大。②Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.你工作越努力，进步就越大。③Thesooner,thebetter.越快越好。[即时训练]完成句子①,themoreequippedforlifeyouare.你学到的知识越多，你就为生活准备得越好。②youpay,youwillgain.付出越多，收获就越多。③youtalked,attentionhepaidtoyou.你说得越多，他越不注意听你讲。ThemoreyoulearnThemorethemoreThemoretheless一、关系副词(when,where,why)引导的定语从句1．when引导定语从句时，先行词为表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。IcanneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstsawyou.我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。2．where引导定语从句时，先行词为表示地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltownwherehegrewupasachild.在巴黎生活了50年后，他回到了儿时成长的那个小镇。(先行词是town)[点津]where还可用在表示抽象意义的地点名词后，如situation,stage,point,case,position,condition等。Theaccidenthasreachedtothepointwhereboththeirparentsaretobecalledin.事情发展到如此地步，不得不请双方家长来一趟了。3．why引导定语从句时，先行词通常是reason,关系词在从句中作原因状语。Unsuccessfulpeoplecanalwaysfindreasonswhythey'renotdoingwell.不成功的人总能找到自己表现不好的理由。[点津]先行词是thereason时，定语从句的引导词需根据定语从句缺少的成分而定，如果缺少状语，用why；如果缺少主语或宾语，则用that/which，作宾语时可省略。Idon'tbelievethereason(that/which)hegavemeforhisbeinglate.我不相信他给出的迟到的理由。[即时训练1]用适当的关系副词填空①(2019·天津高考改编)Theirchildisatthestageshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.②Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,theweathermaybebetter.③Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetimeheshouldbeabletobeindependent.④Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitiestheycangainexperienceforgrowth.⑤ThevillageIwasbornhasbecomeintoatown.⑥Thereasonheresignedisknowntous.wherewhenwhenwherewherewhy二、“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句1．“介词＋关系代词”结构引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)，即介词＋which/whom，并且不能省略。Ifyouhaveanythingonwhichyouwantmyopinions,feelfreetoseeme.如果你们有什么事需要征求我的意见的话，随时来找我。Itookaphotoofthestudents,amongwhomwasseatedateacher.我给这些学生拍了一张照片，他们中间坐着一位老师。2．“介词＋关系代词(which/whom)”中介词的选择：一先，二动，三意义。“一先”，即根据先行词来确定介词。ThefactoryinwhichI'mworkingmainlyproducescomputers.我工作所在的工厂主要生产电脑。(inwhich代替inthefactory，“在工厂里”用介词in。)“二动”，即根据定语从句中的谓语动词来确定介词。Inthedarkstreettherewasn'tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.在漆黑的街道上她没有一个人可以求助。(towhom代替toaperson；turntosb.forhelp“向某人求助”。)“三意义”，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5：30p．m.,bywhichtimemanypeoplehavegonehome.在办公室里，我要到下午5：30之后才能有点空闲，到那时，许多人已经回家了。3．介词前有时加名词、数词等，构成“名词/数词/不定代词＋ofwhich/whom”结构，在定语从句中作主语。Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachofwhichusesitdifferently.英语是一种多元文化共享的语言，每一种文化使用它的方式各不相同。Icollectedsomebooks,thecoversofwhich(＝whosecovers/ofwhichthecovers)areyellowwithyears.我收藏了一些书，它们的封面因年代久远都变黄了。4．“复合介词＋which”引导的定语从句，常用逗号与先行词隔开，而且定语从句常用倒装语序。Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtalltree.他住在一幢大房子里，房前有一棵大树。[点津](1)当定语从句中的谓语动词短语是固定搭配不可分割时，那么该动词短语中的介词不能前置，如listento,lookat,lookfor,lookinto,dependon,makeuseof,payattentionto,takecareof等。ThisisthepenwhichI'mlookingfor.这是我正在找的那支钢笔。(2)“介词＋where”和“介词＋which”的用法不同，如：Hisheadsoonappearedoutofthewindow,fromwherehesawnothingbuttrees.他的头很快从窗口露出来，从那儿除了树木他什么也看不见。(fromwhere相当于fromoutofthewindow，而不是fromthewindow)[即时训练2]用“介词＋关系代词”填空①Manyyoungpeople,mostwerewelleducated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.②Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,nonehasbeenproved.③Doyourememberthedayyoujoinedourclub?④ThereisabigwindowIcanseetherailwaystation.⑤ThisisthemanIjustshookhands.⑥NoneofusknowthereasonTomwasabsent.ofwhomofwhichonwhichthroughwhichwithwhomforwhich品悟—语境中的语法OnlyOneEyetoSett