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SectionⅡUsinglanguagePeopleoftenaskmeifIknowthesecretofsuccess,andifIcouldtellothershowtomaketheirdreamscometrue.Myansweris,youdoitbyworking.—WaltDisney人们时常问我是否晓得成功的诀窍，能否告诉别人怎样使他们的梦想成为现实。我的回答是：身体力行。——华特·迪士尼(美国实业家)[主干图解]定语从句(2)[探究发现]1．ThetimewhenIfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.2．TheschoolwhereIstudiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometresaway.3．Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhecamesolate.4．Iwillneverforgetthetimethat/whichwespentinthepark.5．Thisisthefactorythat/whichmakesradioparts.6．That'sthereasonthat/whichheexplainedtous.[我的发现](1)句1中，关系副词when在定语从句中作状语；(2)句2中，关系副词where在定语从句中作状语；(3)句3中，关系副词why在定语从句中作状语；(4)句4,5,6中，先行词虽是表示时间、地点、原因的词，但在从句中充当语或语，而不是状语，故应用that/which。时间地点原因主宾关系副词引导的定语从句原因状语表示原因的名词why地点状语表示地点的名词where时间状语表示时间的名词when功能先行词关系副词1.关系副词when引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirsttravelledbyplane.我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。Wewillneverforgettheyearwhenthe29thOlympicGameswereheldinBeijing.我们将永远不会忘记第29届奥运会在北京举办的那一年。2．关系副词where引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示地点或抽象地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。I'dliketoliveinthehousewherethereisplentyofsunshine.我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里。Finally,wegottoafactory,wheremanymobilephonesofhighqualitywereproduced.最后，我们来到一家工厂，在那里许多高质量的手机被生产出来。3．关系副词why引导定语从句时，先行词常常为reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语。Canyouexplainthereasonwhy(＝forwhich)youdon'thelphim?你能解释一下为什么不帮助他吗？Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyoudidn'tcometohisbirthdayparty?你能告诉我你没参加他的生日会的原因吗？[点津]表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语，则应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则应用关系代词。试比较：Doyourememberthedayswhenwechattedwitheachotherallnight?你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作状语)Doyourememberthedaysthat/whichwespenttogetheronthefarm?你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that或which作spent的宾语)Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhedidn'tturntohisgoodfriendforhelpyesterday.我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why作原因状语)Iwon'tlistentothereasonthat/whichyouhavegivenus.我坚决不听你给我们的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用which/that，不用why)[即时训练]用适当的关系词填空①Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,theweathermaybebetter.②Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherehisemployeesenjoytheirwork.whenwhere③Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetimeheshouldbeabletobeindependent.④Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitiestheycangainexperienceforgrowth.⑤ThevillageIwasbornhasgrownintoatown.⑥Thereasonheresignedisknowntous.⑦Thereasonheexplainedatthemeetingwasnotsound.⑧Thereasonhewaslatewasthathemissedhistrain.⑨Keepthebookinaplaceyoucanfinditeasily.⑩Thisisthehousewasbuiltbymygrandfatherfortyyearsago.whenwherewherewhythat/whichwhywherewhich/thatInapromotionalmeeting,acompanymanageroftheUnitedStatesaskedtheparticipantstostandupandseewhatwasundertheseats.Itturnedoutthateveryonediscoveredthemoneyundertheseat—atleastacoin,atmost100dollars.Themanagersaid,“Thesemoneywillbelongtoyou,butdoyouknowthereasonwhyIputthemoneyundertheseats？”Noonecouldguesswhy.Atlastthemanagersaid,“Ijustwanttotellyou:sitstillandyouwillneverearnmoney.”点评：第三段中的“doyouknowthereasonwhyIputthemoneyundertheseats”为关系副词why引导的定语从句。当先行词为reason，且从句中缺少原因状语时，关系词应用why。1．Learningidiomscanbefun,especiallywhenwecomparethemtoChineseequivalents.学习习语是有趣的，尤其是当我们把它们和汉语中的说法对比的时候。★equivalentn．等同物；对应物adj.(指在数量、价值、时间等方面)相同的beequivalenttodoingsth.等同于做某事①MrLi'spayistheequivalentofabout$8,000amonth.李先生的报酬大约等于每月8000美元。②Ichangedmydollarsfortheequivalentamountinpounds.我把美元兑换成等值的英镑。③Adimeisequivalentto10pennies.十分硬币等于十便士。[即时训练]完成句子①Changingherjoblikethatherthesack.那样调换她的工作等同于是解雇她。②Hisreplyarefusal.他的回答等同于是拒绝。isequivalenttogivingisequivalentto2．peopledowhattheywantandhavefunwhensomeoneinauthorityisabsent管事的不在，下面的人玩个痛快★authorityn．当权；权力；官方；当局；职权；权威①Thegovernmentisthehighestauthorityinthecountry.政府是国家的最高权力机构。②Authoritiessaythefiresdolooksuspicious.官方表示，火灾看起来确实很奇怪。③Weseehimasanauthorityonthesubject.我们把他看作为这方面的权威。[即时训练]完成句子①Thenewbuildingmustbefinancedby.新大楼的建筑资金必须由地方当局提供。②Thesedocumentsensureyou.这些文件能使你获得你需要的职权。thelocalauthoritytheauthorityyouneed一、听力技法微指导推理计算，确定时间听力测试中经常涉及时间的考查，此时，在听力材料中通常会出现多个时间信息。答题时应注意不要直接选取首次听到的时间词，而应把录音听完，注意其中隐含的时间信息词、时间状语或句子的时态。最终的答案通常是对这些信息进行分析推断，特别是经过简单计算后得出的。[典例1]Whattimedoesthetrainleave?A．At6：15.B．At6：25.C．At6：50.[听力原文]M：I'mafraidwe'llmissthetrain.Whattimeisitnow?W：It's6：15.Thereis10minutesleft.Let'shurry.[分析]此题考查时间。由“It's6：15.Thereis10minutesleft.”可知火车6：25开，故选B。[典例2]WhenisthemangoingtoleaveforNewYork?A．InOctober.B．InSeptember.C．InDecember.[听力原文]W：AreyougoingtoleaveforNewYorkinSeptember?M：No.I'mgoingtoleaveforNewYorkthefollowingmonth.[分析]本题三个选项均为表月份的词，录音中只听到September这个关于月份的词，考生很可能受误导而选B。但是对话中男士回答时用了一个关键词following。这个重要信息词说明他是下个月动身去纽约，从September算起，下个月自然就是October了，故选A。二、话题场景词汇听中记(听写词汇)(一)单词1．野生生物2．稀有的3．组织4．鲨鱼5．昆虫6．生态，生态学7．物种8．保护wildliferareorganizationsharkinsectecologyspeciesprotect9．基因10．软毛；毛皮11．羽毛12．进化，演变13．海豚14．栖息地15．捕猎16．冬眠17．生物18．气候genefurfeatherevolutiondolphinhabitathuntinghibernatecreatureclimate19．迁徙20．草地(二)短语1．rare稀有物种2．ofsmell嗅觉3．breathing呼吸系统4．suitable合适的环境5．changes环境变化6．condition天气状况7．patterns迁徙模式migrationgrasslandspeciessensesystemenvironmentenvironmentalweathermigration8．live住在地下9．bewith面临10．thenext下一代11．rate生存率12．out灭绝13．inof处于……危险中14．doto对……造成危害15．playanpartin