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SectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructuresGrammar——定语从句(Ⅱ)[新知导引]诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性1．Therearemanyreasonswhythishasbeenpossible,butoneofthemainfactorshasbeentheChinesewritingsystem.2．EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywhereChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.3．ItoldmymumthatIwantedtogiveup,andthatIwouldneverliveinacountrywhereGermanwasspoken.4．Ifinallyunderstoodthereasonwhymymumhadencouragedmenottogiveup.5．ThenIsawanadvertisementthatofferedawonderfulsummercourse,andthatwasthedaywhenIdecidedtotakeonanewlanguage.6．ThetimewhenIfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.[共性呈现]1．所有画线部分都是关系副词引导的定语从句。2．关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语(第5、6句)。3．关系副词where在定语从句中作地点状语(第2、3句)。4．关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语(第1、4句)。[语法精释]一、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词的指代及功能关系副词先行词功能when表示时间的名词时间状语where表示地点的名词地点状语whyreason原因状语1.关系副词when引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstwenttotheGreatWall.我还记得我第一次去长城的那一天。Thedaywhenwegettogetherwillcomesoon.我们聚会的日子很快就会来的。Wewillneverforgettheyearwhenthe29thOlympicGameswereheldinBeijing.我们将永远不会忘记第29届奥运会在北京举办的那一年。[名师点津]若时间名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that引导。Doyourememberthedaysthat/whichwespenttogetheronthefarm?你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that或which作spent的宾语)2．关系副词where引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示地点或抽象地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.我10年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了。Heisnowworkinginthefactorywherehisfatherworked.现在他正在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。[名师点津]若地点名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that。Theschool(which/that)wevisitedyesterdayisnewlybuilt.我们昨天参观的那所学校是新建的。(关系代词which/that在从句中作visited的宾语)3．关系副词why引导定语从句时，先行词常常为reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语。Thereasonwhyhesucceededintheexamisthathestudiedveryhard.他考试成功的原因是他学习很认真。Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyoudidn'tcometohisbirthdayparty?你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？[名师点津]reason后的定语从句的引导词若在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that。Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhedidn'tturntohisgoodfriendforhelpyesterday.我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why作原因状语)Iwon'tlistentothereasonthat/whichyouhavegivenus.我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用which/that，不用why)[即学即练1]对比填空：that,which,when,where,why(1)Iwillneverforgetthedayswespenttogether.(2)Iwillneverforgetthedayswestayedtogether.(3)Thereasonheexplainedatthemeetingwasnotsound.(4)Thereasonhewaslatewasthathemissedhistrain.(5)Keepthebookinaplaceyoucanfinditeasily.(6)Thisisthehousewasbuiltbymygrandfatherfortyyearsago.that/whichwhenthat/whichwhywherewhich/that二、关系代词作介词的宾语关系代词作介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词前，形成“介词＋关系代词”结构。该结构中的关系代词可用which，whom或whose。1．介词的选用“介词＋关系代词”结构中的介词可以依据与从句中谓语动词的搭配、与先行词的搭配或句子意义来确定。Thisisthecamerawithwhichheoftentakesphotos.这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(根据与先行词的搭配确定)Thisisthepilotwithwhommyfatherhasworkedfortenyears.这就是和我爸爸一起工作了10年的那位飞行员。(根据意义搭配确定)[名师点津](1)某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词＋关系代词”可以同关系副词when、where和why互换。Istillrememberthetimewhen(＝inwhich)Iwasincollege.我仍然记得我上大学的那段时光。Thisisthehotelwhere(＝inwhich)theystayed.这就是他们待过的旅馆。Thisisthereasonwhy(＝forwhich)heleftinahurry.这就是他匆匆离去的原因。(2)有些“动词＋介词”短语，如lookfor，lookafter，sendfor，callon，comeacross，longfor等，不可拆开把介词置于关系代词之前。Thedoctorthatyousentforhasnotcome.你派人去请的那个医生还没有来。2．关系代词的选择“介词＋关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词用whom，不可用who/that；先行词指物时关系代词用which，不能用that。ThisisthestudentforwhomIboughtabook.这就是我给其买书的那个学生。ThisistheshipbywhichIwenttoShanghai.这就是我去上海所乘的船。3．“名词/数词/代词等＋介词of＋关系代词”结构。有时“介词＋关系代词”前还会有名词、数词、代词等，表示部分、整体、数量等概念。Theriver,thebanksofwhicharecoveredwithtrees,flowstothesea.这条河流入大海，河的两岸种满了树。Hehasthreesons,twoofwhomareteachers.他有三个儿子，其中有两个是老师。Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothofwhichhavebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.玛丽亚已经写了两部小说，这两部都被拍成了电视剧。[即学即练2]单句语法填空(1)Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneofhasbeenproved.(2)Mycomputer,withoutIcan'tsurftheInternet,brokedownyesterday.(3)ThegirltoyoutalkedjustnowisourEnglishteacher.(4)Ihaveabout10books,halfofwerewrittenbyMoYan.whichwhichwhomwhichⅠ.单句语法填空1．Thereasonshechangedhermindisquiteclear.2．Thedaystheytravelledtogethermeantalottohim.3．Isawahouse,thewindowsofwerebroken.4．Shehastwosons,bothofgraduatedfromHarvardUniversity.5．Nobodyknowsthereasonforshedidn'tattendthemeeting.why/forwhichwhenwhichwhomwhich6．Wewentthroughaperiodcommunicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.7．Thechildren,allofhadplayedthewholedaylong,werewornout.8．Wevisitedthecarfactorymyuncleonceworkedthreeyearsago.9．ThisisthefactoryIvisitedlastyear.10．Theoldmanhastwosons,andbothofarelawyers.whenwhomwherethat/whichthemⅡ.句型转换1．Wesettleddowninasmallvillage.Infrontofthevillageranawindingriver.→Wesettleddowninasmallvillageranawindingriver.2．Shehasthreesons.Allofhersonsareabroadnow.→Shehasthreesonsandareabroadnow.→Shehasthreesons,areabroadnow.infrontofwhichallofthemallofwhom3．Therearesixtystudentsinourclass.Thirtyofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.→Therearesixtystudentsinourclass,aregirls.4．Theschoolliesintheeastofthetown.Heoncestudiedintheschool.→Theschoolheoncestudiedliesintheeastofthetown.5．Doyourememberthedays？Onthosedaysweplayedtogether.→Doyourememberthedaysweplayedtogether?thirtyofwhomwherewhenⅢ.补全句子1．Thereasonwasthathewasillinbed.他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。2．Wearelivinginanageoncomputer.我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑上做的时代。3．Aftergr