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SectionⅡUsinglanguageIwanttobringoutthesecretsofnatureandapplythemforthehappinessofman.Idon'tknowofanybetterservicetoofferfortheshorttimeweareintheworld.—ThomasEdison我想揭示大自然的秘密，用来造福人类。我认为，在我们的短暂一生中，最好的贡献莫过于此了。——托马斯·爱迪生定语从句(1)[主干图解][探究发现]1．Theearthquakethat/whichhitthecityin1906wasthebiggestinAmericanhistory.2．Wedon'tknowthenumberofpeoplewho/thatlosttheirhomesinthedisaster.3．Harryistheboywhosemotherisourmathsteacher.4．Theonlythingthatiswrongwiththisiswhatmybrothersaidtometheotherday.5．Wetalkedalotabouttheactorandthefilmthatinterestedusattheparty.6．Whothatyouhaveeverknowncanhelpmewithit?7．Theteacherwhom/who/thatyouarewaitingforiscoming.[我的发现](1)句2、7中的定语从句使用了关系代词，在定语从句中作。who/that(2)句1中的定语从句使用了关系代词，在定语从句中作。(3)句1、2、4、5、6、7中的定语从句使用了关系代词，在定语从句中作。(4)句3中的定语从句使用了关系代词，在定语从句中作，既可以指人也可以指物。主语which/thatthat主语或宾语whose主语或宾语定语(5)句4中的定语从句使用了关系代词，当先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时，关系词只能用that。(6)句5中的定语从句使用了关系代词,当先行词既指人又指物时，关系词只能用that。(7)句6中的定语从句使用了关系代词，当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that。thatthatthat一、定义1．在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。2．关系词分为关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose,as等)和关系副词(when,where,why等)两类。二、关系代词的基本用法1．who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。Thechildrenwhowereinjuredinacaraccidentarebeingtreatedinthehospitalnow.在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。Dannywastheman(who)werescuedfromtheruins.丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。2．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。Theboy(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesistheirmonitor.常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。Idon'tknowwhoyouareandwhomyourepresent.我不知道你是谁并代表了谁。3．whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，在定语从句中作定语。Iknowthepersonwhosehousewasdestroyedintheearthquake.我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacesnorth.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。[即时训练1]关系代词填空①Doyouknowthemanistalkingwithyourmother?②Thosewanttoseethefilmsetdownyournames,please.③Thisisthepersonyoushouldthankforhelpingyourson.④ThegirlgraduatedfromCambridgeUniversityiscalledAmanda.⑤Ilikethosebookstopicsareabouthistory.⑥Anystudentfamilyistoopoortogotoschoolcangethelpfromthegovernment.whowhowho/whomwhowhosewhose4．which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。Thepen(which)youfoundyesterdayismine.昨天你发现的那支钢笔是我的。Thelittlegirlishavinganapplewhichisbigandred.小女孩正在吃一个又大又红的苹果。5．that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。习惯上指人多用who/whom，指物多用which。Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语)Thesuitcasethat/whichliesonthegroundishers.地上放的那个手提箱是她的。(that指物，作主语)[点津](1)关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。[译]昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。[误]Thefilm(that/which)wesawitlastnightisveryfrightening.[正]Thefilm(that/which)wesawlastnightisveryfrightening.(2)关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。Isthatthegirl(whom/who/that)youspokeoftheotherday?那就是你前几天所提到的女孩吗？[即时训练2]关系代词填空①Look,herearesomepeopleIwantyoutomeet.②Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmwevisitedthreemonthsago?③Thepicturewasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.who/whom/thatthat/whichwhich/that三、关系词只能用that而不用which的情况1．当先行词为all,everything,nothing,anything,much等不定代词时。HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMrLisaid?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的都做了。2．当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。ThisisthemostdeliciousfoodthatIhaveeverhad.这是我吃过的最美味的食品。3．当先行词被all,every,no,theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时。That'stheonlythingthatwecandonow.那是我们目前唯一能做的事。IhavefoundtheverypenthatIlostyesterday.我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。4．当先行词既指人，又指物时。Weoftentalkaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremember.我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。[即时训练3]完成句子①Thisisthemostbeautifulpark.这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。②Shetookphotographsofthethingsandpeople.她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。③Readingwasinterestedhermost.读书是她唯一最感兴趣的事。thatIhavevisitedthatshewasinterestedintheonlythingthatTheChoiceofWordOneday,Johnwasbackhomeafterwork.Hefoundthathiswifewasshakingtheirdaughterwhowasonlyhalfayearold.Shesaid“Daddy”tothebabymanytimes.Johnfeltveryhappybecausehethoughthiswifechosetheword“Daddy”toteachtheirbaby.Duringonenightseveralweekslater,Johnandhiswifewerewokenupbythecry“Daddy”．Hiswifesaidtohim,“Darling,sheiscallingyou.”Thensheturnedtosleep.点评：本文中第二句“Hefoundthathiswifewasshakingtheirdaughterwhowasonlyhalfayearold.”使用了who引导的定语从句，who指代先行词theirdaughter，在定语从句中充当主语。1．onepackofsimilarinterests一袋相同的兴趣★packn．小盒，小包vi.&vt.捆扎；包装；打行李(1)apackof一群/包/盒……(2)pack(sth.)up将(某物)装箱打包packsb.sth.为某人装好某物packaway(用后)收拾好；把……装起来pack...into...把……塞进……bepackedwith充满；挤满①Thesegoodspackeasily,sodon'tworry.这些货物很容易包装，不用担心。[即时训练]单句语法填空①Jackpackedhisthingsandleftimmediately.②Asweweretold,thesebooksneedtobepackedabox.③Ireallyhatetogotoascenerypackedpeople.upintowith②Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapackofdogs,seventobeexact.首先迎接我们的是一群狂吠的狗，精确地说是七条狗。③Haveyoupackedthekidslunch?你为孩子们装好午餐了吗？2．oneglassofcomfort一杯安慰★comfortn．安慰，慰藉vt.安慰(1)incomfort舒适地；放松地beacomfortto对……是一种安慰(2)comfortsb.forsth.因某事安慰某人comfortoneselfwithsth.以某事来自我安慰(3)comfortableadj.安慰的；舒适的①Helivedincomfortallhislife.他一辈子过着舒服的日子。②Shewasacomforttoheroldfather.她对她的老父亲来说是个安慰。③Hisfriendscametocomforthimforhisloss.因为他受了损失，他的朋友们都来安慰他。[即时训练]单句语法填空①Shecomfortedherselfthethoughtthatitwouldsoonbespring.②Thiswillenabletheaudiencetositcomfortwhilewatchingtheshows.③It'scomforttoknowthatsheissafe.④Youcanvisith