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PartⅣListening——如何听懂独白独白性的短文内容较多，难度稍大，录音文字材料的难度略低于阅读材料，全部采用口语体，听力材料的语速接近于英美人的正常语速。话题往往涉及口头通知，新闻报道，谈论个人经历及感受，对某人、某物或某地进行介绍，天气预报等。1.故事、叙述、介绍类该类独白都是记叙文体裁，文体特点以记人叙事为主。我们在听这种短文时，要注意以时间先后为线索，掌握叙述内容的大致情节；然后了解事情的发生和发展过程，记住主要的事实细节；最后要特别体会故事的结局寓意，要弄明白所讲故事的幽默之处或说明了一个什么道理。这样，我们才能把握故事大意，准确解答问题。【典题印证1】1.WhatdoesMr.Perkinslike?A.Hetriedtobethesameasothers.B.Hetriedtobebetterthanothers.C.Hewasalwaysdifferentfromothers.2.WheredidMr.Perkinsgothedayafterheboughthisnewcar?A.Tohisoffice.B.Tohisbrother’shouse.C.Tothecountry.3.HowdidMr.Perkinsfindhiscar?A.Bytryinghiskeyineverycar.B.Byaskinghisbrotherforhelp.C.Bywaitinguntilallothercarshadleft.4.WhendidMr.Perkinsleavetheparkinglot?A.Around5：00p.m.B.Around7：00p.m.C.Around9：00p.m.【材料复现】M：Mr.Perkinsstoodatthebusstopandwatchedthecarsgoby.ManyofthecarswerenewBeta400s,andmostofthemwereyellow.Mr.Perkinsalwaysworethesamekindofclothesasothermen,atethesamekindoffoodasotherpeople,anddidthesamethingsafterworkandattheendoftheweek;Mr.Perkinsdidnotliketobedifferent.Thefollowingweek,withhisbrother’shelp,Mr.Perkinsboughtanew,brightyellowBeta400.Hewassatisfiedwithit,anddrovetoworkinittheverynextday.HewasevenmoresatisfiedwithhisnewcarwhenhesawalltheotherBeta400sinfront,behind,andonbothsidesofhim.Mr.Perkinsparkedhiscarinabigparkinglotnearhisofficedowntown,andworkedtherestoftheday.Butwhenhecamebackat5o’clock,thereweresomanybrightyellowBeta400stherethathedidnotknowwhichcarwashis.Hetriedhiskeyinsomeofthecars,butpeoplepassingbygavehimalookhedidn’tlike.Sohestopped.PoorMr.Perkinshadtowaitnearlytwohoursuntilhiscarwastheonlyoneleftintheparkinglot.【解题思路】本段材料属于故事类，根据材料中“Mr.Perkinsalwaysworethesamekindofclothesasothermen,atethesamekindoffoodasotherpeople,anddidthesamethingsafterworkandattheendoftheweek；”可知，本段材料主要关于一个喜欢和别人一样的人闹出的笑话。根据“Mr.Perkinsdidnotliketobedifferent.”可知，Perkins先生喜欢和别人一样，故第1题选A项。根据“Hewassatisfiedwithit,anddrovetoworkinittheverynextday.”可知，Perkins先生开着他的车去上班了，故第2题选A项。根据“PoorMr.Perkinshadtowaitnearlytwohoursuntilhiscarwastheonlyoneleftintheparkinglot.”可知，Perkins先生是通过等其他车都开走发现自己的车的，故第3题选C项。根据“Butwhenhecamebackat5o’clock，”及“PoorMr.Perkinshadtowaitnearlytwohoursuntilhiscarwastheonlyoneleftintheparkinglot.”可知，Perkins先生从5点开始等了两个小时，因此他7点离开的，故第4题选B项。2.新闻报道类新闻报道的文体特点及其层次结构一般是先用新闻导语简明扼要地介绍新闻的主要内容，其中包括了新闻的五个要素即5W(Who,What,When,Where,Why)和1个H(How)，然后再按其重要性原则逐一说明事实细节，新闻报道的最后一句往往是新闻事件当前的结果。因此，我们在听新闻时，要特别注意第一句话，听懂了第一句话，也就把握了该新闻的主体内容，同时再注意文中细节，回答问题就比较容易了。【典题印证2】(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)1.WhendiditrainlasttimeinJuárez?A.Threedaysago.B.Amonthago.C.Ayearago.2.WhatseasonisitinJuárez?A.Spring.B.Summer.C.Autumn.3.Whataretheelderlyadvisedtodo?A.Takeawalkintheafternoon.B.Keeptheirhomescool.C.Drinkplentyofwater.4.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Hostingaradioprogram.B.Conductingaseminar.C.Forecastingtheweather.【材料复现】W：Hello,everyone.Welcometoourprogram.I’mJennyJackson.TheweatherhereinJuárezhasbecomeunbearable.Withnorainsforoverayear,thecityissufferingfromunusuallyhotweather.Somelightshowershavebeenforecastsincelastmonth,butallofthemhavebeeneffectiveinsurroundingareas.Summerhasnotevenstartedyet,buttemperatureshavereached40degreescentigradeinthepastthreedays.Andpeoplehavebeenwarnednottogooutoftheirhomes—notifyouwalkonfoot,atleast—between11inthemorningand7intheevening.Littlekidsandtheelderlyaretheoneswhohavesufferedthemostfromthisextremeheatwave.Theymustdrinkwaterallthetime.Tohelpouraudiencehaveabetterunderstandingofthisextremeweather,wehaveinvitedProf.TorresfromUniversityofMexicotoourstudiothisevening.【解题思路】本段材料属于新闻报道类。根据“Welcometoourprogram.I’mJennyJackson.”可知，本段材料主要关于电台节目的。根据“Withnorainsforoverayear”可知这个地方已经一年没下雨了，故上一次下雨是一年前，故第1题选C项。根据“Summerhasnotevenstartedyet，”可知，此时是春季，故第2题选A项。根据“Littlekidsandtheelderlyaretheoneswhohavesufferedthemostfromthisextremeheatwave.Theymustdrinkwaterallthetime.”可知，建议老人喝大量的水，故第3题选C项。根据“Welcometoourprogram.I’mJennyJackson.”可知，说话者正在做广播节目，故第4题选A项。3.通知、演讲等应用类这类文章由开场白(Introduction)、正文(Body)、结尾(Conclusion)三个部分组成。有关主题和讲话者身份的信息一般在开场白中就可以获取；事实细节主要在听力材料的第二部分；讲话者的观点、看法、建议、要求等在结尾做总结时一般都会提到。【典题印证3】(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)1.WhatarethetouristsadvisedtodowhentouringLondon?A.Taketheirtourschedule.B.Watchoutforthetraffic.C.Wearcomfortableshoes.2.Whatwillthetouristsdoinfifteenminutes?A.Meetthespeaker.B.Gototheirrooms.C.Changesomemoney.3.Whereprobablyisthespeaker?A.Inapark.B.Inahotel.C.Inashoppingcentre.【材料复现】W：IhopeI’vegivenyouaclearideaofthescheduleforyourLondonweekend.And,beforeIfinish,letmejustgiveyousomeadvicewhichshouldmakeyourstaymoreenjoyable.Firstly,pleasedoremembertoputonsomecomfortableshoes.Londonisabigplace,andwhateveryoudo,you’llfindyourselfdoingquitealotofwalking.So,comfortableshoesarereallynecessary.Andsecondly,letmeaskyoutopleaselookafteryourmoney.Keepitsafeatalltimes,andthenyouwillnothaveanyunpleasantaccident,whichcouldruinyourwholeweekend.You’llfindacopyofyourweekend’sscheduleinyourroom.Takealookatit,andmakesureyou’reclearabouteverything.Well,that’sallfrommefornow.Goandleaveyourluggageinyourrooms.I’llbeseeingyouhereagaininfifteenminutes.Goodbyefornow!【解题思路】本段材料属于通知演讲类，根据“IhopeI’vegivenyouaclearideaofthescheduleforyourLondonweekend