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[基础训练]Ⅰ单词拼写1．He________(雕刻)thesefiguresfromsingleblocksofmarble.答案：sculpted答案2．Ifelt________(想家的)forScotland.答案：homesick答案3．I'drecognizeyourhandwritinganywhere—itis________(独特的)．答案：unique答案4．Helookedatmeandnodded,almost________(看不出来)．答案：invisibly答案5．Ifwesayto________(上发条)upthemeeting,wemeanwebringanendtothemeeting.答案：wind答案Ⅱ单句语法填空1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)________youwanttimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,savesometimethenightbeforebysettingoutclothes,shoes,andbags.答案：If设空处引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”。答案2．Iknowyouhavenotrouble________(find)yourclassmate'saddressinthevillage.答案：findinghave(no)trouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.“做某事(没)有困难”。答案3．NeitherTomnorhisparents________(go)tospendtheirvacationthissummerinChina.答案：aregoingneither...nor...作主语时，谓语动词的单复数遵循“就近一致”原则，且根据时间状语thissummer可知，应用一般将来时，故填aregoing。答案4．Thatis________allthegirlsintownfollowyouallaround.答案：why此处为“Thatiswhy...”句型，why引导表语从句，在从句中表原因。答案5．________Iwaswaitingforthetrain,Iboughtamagazine.答案：While/Whenwhile/when“当……时”，引导时间状语从句。答案6．Don'tforgettofill________yourboardingcards.答案：in/outfillin/out“填写”。答案7．Wehavebeenaskedtocomeup________somenewideas.答案：withcomeupwith“想出，提出”。答案8．Thealarmwastimedtogo________at12o'clock.答案：offgooff“(警报器)突然大作”。答案9．IalwayssaidJackywouldwind________inprison.答案：upwindup为常用短语，意为“以……告终，使(活动、会议等)结束”。答案10．Let'sburn________allthiswastepaper.答案：upburnup“烧毁，烧掉”。答案[思维训练]Ⅰ阅读理解ACanyourememberthedaywhenyouspokeyourfirstword?Ifyoucan,youareunusual.Trytoimaginewhatthefirstfewmonthsofyourlifewerelike.Iamsureyoujustspentmostofyourtimeeating,sleepingandcrying.Asyougrewolder,youwereawakemoreofthetime.Ittookyourparentsmoretimetoplaywithyouandtalktoyou.Youwatchedandlistenedcuriously.Youbegantoknowthatpeoplemadecertainsoundstogowithcertainthings.Thenyoubegantotrymakingthesoundsyouheard.Andstepbystep,youwereabletomaketherightsoundforonething.Onthatdayyoucametounderstandthesecretoflanguage.Thesecretisthatacertainsoundmeansacertainthing.Onesoundmightbeasgoodasanother.Butitisnogoodasawordunlesseverybodyagreesonitsmeaning.Onlywhenagroupofpeopleusethesamesetofsoundsofthings,cantheyunderstandeachother.Then,andonlythendothesepeoplehaveaLANGUAGE.Afteryoufoundthesecretoflanguage,youlearntwords.Someofthewordsmeanthings,suchasBOOKS,CHAIRSandSHOES.Somewordsmeandoingthings,suchasGOandSWIM.Andotherwordsdescribethings,suchasGOODandDIRTY.Soonyoulearnttoputwordstogethertoexpressyouridea,suchas“Iwanttogooutandplaywithmyfriends.”Thisislanguage.Bymeansoflanguagepeoplecancommunicate.Sowesaylanguagesaremeansofcommunication.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了语言的秘密。1．Whenyouwerealittlebaby,you________.A．cametounderstandthesecretoflanguageB．spentmostofyourtimeplayingwithyourparentsC．couldnothearanysoundaroundyouD．spentmostofyourtimeeating,sleepingandcrying答案：D细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“Iamsureyoujustspentmostofyourtimeeating,sleepingandcrying.”可知，刚出生的婴儿多数时候都在吃、睡和哭。故选D项。答案2．Thesecretoflanguageisthat________.A．onesoundmightbeasgoodasanotherB．peoplecanunderstandeachotherC．acertainsoundisforacertainthingD．thereisaspecialsoundforeachperson答案：C细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Thesecretisthatacertainsoundmeansacertainthing.”可知，语言的秘密在于特定的声音意味着特定的事物。故选C项。答案3．Theaimofusinglanguageis________.A．togeteverythingonewantsfromothersB．tosaywhatonewantstoknowC．toshareideas,opinions,news,etcwithoneanotherD．toshowoneisasgoodasanother答案：C推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“Bymeansoflanguagepeoplecancommunicate.Sowesaylanguagesaremeansofcommunication.”可知，语言是一种交流工具，使用语言的目的是和他人分享想法、意见、消息等。故选C项。答案BManypeoplehavetriedtosimplify(简化)thespellingofEnglishwords.Unlikeotherlanguages,Englishsometimesspellsthesamesoundsinverydifferentways.Forexample,thereis“light”but“white”，“loan”but“phone”，andthereareatleastsevendifferentwaysofpronouncing“ough”：“though”，“through”，“bough”，“cough”，“enough”，“ought”and“thorough”.TheAmericanPresidentTheodoreRooseveltalmostsucceededinsimplifyingEnglishspelling.In1906,AndrewCarnegiestartedtheSimplifiedSpellingBoard.HewasoneoftherichestmenintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Theboard'splanwastomakethespellingofwordsnearertothewaytheysound.Forexample,theword“though”wouldbespelt“tho”and“through”wouldbecome“thru”.OtherpeopleontheboardwereMelvilDewey,theheadoftheNewYorklibraries,andProfessorBranderMatthewsofColumbiaUniversity.TheyexplainedtheirideatoPresidentRoosevelt,whothoughtthatitwasindeedlogical.Heimmediatelyaskedthegovernmentprintertousesimplifiedspellinginallgovernmentletters.Butpeopledidn'tlikethechange,evenifitmadelifeeasier.Sothenewsimplerspellingwasnotpopular.Moreimportantly,whentheAmericanpoliticians(政客)discussedtheplan,theydidnotlikeiteither.BecauseRooseveltdidnotwanttohaveanyproblemswiththepoliticians,hechangedhismindandtoldtheprintertogobacktotheoldwayofspelling.SincethennooneinanygovernmenthasdaredtosimplifyEnglishspelling.However,peopledosimplifysomewords,mainlyinadvertisements.Forexample,weoftensee“tonite”insteadof“tonight”and“thru”insteadof“through”.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。一直以来，有很多人致力于简化英语拼写。美国总统西奥多·罗斯福和钢铁大王安德鲁·卡内基就曾一起进行过拼写改革。4．ManypeoplehavetriedtosimplifyEnglishspellingbecause________.A．EnglishwordsaretoolongtorememberB．therearemanymistakesinEnglishwordsC．lotsofwordsarespeltinma