SectionⅡUsinglanguageThegreataregreatbecauseofhiscoexistencewithotherswhentimesarehard,othershavelosttheirconfidence,hewasdeterminedtoachievehisgoals.伟大之所以伟大,是因为他与别人共处逆境时,别人失去了信心,他却下定决心实现自己的目标。情态动词(1)[主干图解][探究发现]①Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquickly,buteveryonewasabletogetout.②Sinceitisraining,wehavetostayindoors.③You'dbetterfinishyourworkbeforeyougohome.④Youneedn'tworryaboutsituationsliketheseifyouhavegoodsocialskills.⑤IneedtoknowwhatIcantalkaboutwiththeChinesepeoplethatImeet.[我的发现](1)句①中beableto用于时态表示能力时,侧重指经过努力而成功做成了某事。(2)句②中,haveto表示,多强调客观上的需要。(3)句③中hadbetter意为,后跟动词原形。(4)句④中need为情态动词,往往用于句和疑问句。(5)句⑤中need为实义动词,后面接的不定式。过去不得不最好……否定带to一、基本特征1.情态动词有一定的词义,不能单独作谓语,需和实义动词或系动词一起作谓语。HecanspeakEnglishfluentlynow,buthecouldn'tlastyear.他现在能流利地讲英语,但去年他还不能。2.情态动词一般无人称和数的变化,个别情态动词有现在时和过去时两种时态变化。Yourmothermustbewaitingforyounow.你的母亲现在一定在等着你。3.构成否定句时,not放在情态动词的后面。Thatcan'tbeMary—she'sinhospital.那不可能是玛丽——她在住院。4.情态动词后接动词原形。Shecanspeaktwoforeignlanguages.她能讲两种外语。[即时训练1]完成句子①Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,onthetopshelf.塞缪尔是我们班最高的男孩,他能轻松地够到书架顶层上的书。②Weforourmotherlandandourselves.为了我们的祖国和我们自己,我们应该努力学习。caneasilyreachthebooksshouldstudyhard二、基本用法(一)beableto1.beableto后跟动词原形,表示具体的能力,与can的用法相近。Iamnotabletoansweryourquestion.我回答不了你的问题。2.beableto与can/could的区别(1)beableto有更多的时态形式,can只有一般现在时和一般过去时。Willyoubeabletocometomorrow?你明天能来吗?I'msorryIhaven'tbeenabletoansweryourletterintime.很抱歉我没能及时给你回信。Ihopewecanfinishthetaskbeforethedeadline.我希望我们能在截止日期之前完成这项工作。(2)was/wereableto表示过去成功做成了某事,相当于succeededindoingsth.。could仅表示客观上有某种能力,不说明实施该能力后的结果。Withoutyourhelp,Iwasnotabletosolvetheproblem.如果没有你的帮助,我是不可能解决这个问题。Whenshewaseight,shecouldreadGreekandLatin.她八岁就会读希腊文和拉丁文了。(3)beableto可用在may/might,want之后。Iwanthertobeabletouseacomputer.我希望她能使用电脑。[即时训练2]选词填空(can/beableto)①Hemightfixyourcar.②WhenIwasyoung,Iclimbanytreeinthewoods.③Intoday'sinformationage,thelossofdatacauseseriousproblemsforacompany.④Fatherspenthourstalkingtohim.Atlasthedropthesillyidea.beabletocouldcanwasableto(二)haveto1.haveto意为“不得不,必须”,后跟动词原形。Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.我弟弟病得很厉害,因此我不得不半夜里把医生请来。2.haveto与must的区别(1)must强调说话者的主观意愿;haveto强调客观上的必要性。Hesaidthathemustworkhard.他说他必须努力工作。Thelastbusleft,andhehadtowalkhome.最后一班车走了,他只好步行回家。(2)mustn't不许,不可以,表示禁止;nothaveto不必Youdon'thavetodotheworkrightnow.你现在不必做这项工作。Youmustn'tsmokehere.你绝不能在这吸烟。[即时训练3]完成句子①IherebecauseIhavenoumbrellawithme.我不得不在这儿等,因为我没带伞。②Thenewlawstatesthatpeopleafterdrinkingalcohol.新颁布的法律禁止人们酒后驾车。③Wehurry,forthere'splentyoftime.我们不必着急,因为时间很充裕。④Wehomebysix.我们必须在6点以前到家。havetowaitmustn'tdrivedon'thavetomustbe(三)hadbetterhadbetter后跟动词原形,表示“最好……”,其否定式在hadbetter后加not。Wehadbettergettherebeforeitgetsdark.我们最好在天黑前到达那里。You'dbetternottalksoloudly.你最好不要这么大声说话。[即时训练4]完成句子①Youtherebyplane.你最好不要乘飞机去那里。②getsomesleep.你最好睡一会儿。hadbetternotgoYou'dbetter(四)dare与need1.作情态动词时,后跟动词原形,常用于否定句和疑问句中。一般不用于肯定句,无第三人称单数形式。—NeedItellhimeverything?—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't.——我要告诉他一切吗?——是的,必须。/不,没有必要。dare有过去式形式,构成疑问句时,将其移至句首;构成否定句时,直接在其后加not。Howdareshedothingslikethattome?她怎么敢对我做那样的事呢?2.作实义动词时,其否定句和疑问句的构成需借助do/did/does,后面接带to的不定式;而在疑问句和否定句中,dare后可省去to。有人称和数的变化。Hedidn'tdare(to)gothere.他不敢去那儿。Rightnowyouneedtostaystilluntilhelpcomes.现在你需要待着别动,直到有人来帮忙。Whatheneedsnowarebooks.他现在需要的是书籍。[即时训练5]用所给词的适当形式填空①Dareyou(tell)herthenews?②Idaren't(go)outaloneatnight.③Hedares(say)whateverhewantstosay.④Ilovetheweekend,becauseI(need)getupearlyonSaturdaysandSundays.⑤Ineed(buy)anewbike.tellgotosayneedn'ttobuyMissFangcouldnotreadforverylongwithhereyeshurt.Hermothertoldherthatsheneedgotohospitalandseeadoctor.“Youhadbetterseeadoctorassoonaspossible,”hermothersaid.WhenMissFanghadfreetime,shewenttohospital.Theclerksaidthatthedoctorcouldseeherat3:30.MissFangrepliedthatshewouldnotbeabletobethereat3:30becauseshehadtohaveanimportanttestthen.Sheaskedtheclerkifshecouldarrangetheexaminationatabouttentomorrow.注:文中加黑词汇为情态动词。1.relatedadj.有关系的,相关的(1)(be)relatedto有关系的;有关联的(2)relatevt.涉及,与……有联系relate...to/with...把……与……联系起来relateto与……有关系/关联;涉及;有关(3)relationn.关系in/withrelationto关于;与……相比①Thisletterisrelatedtothesaleofthehouse.这封信与该房子的销售有关。②Ican'trelatewhatyousaidwhatIsaw.我不能把你说的与我看到的联系在一起。③Ihavealottosaythatthing.关于那件事,我有很多话要说。with/toinrelationto2.Ifyoudarenottrya“painful”diettostayhealthy...如果你不敢尝试“痛苦的”饮食来保持健康……★dietn.日常饮食vt.按照医生的规定饮食vi.节食beonadiet节食(表状态)goonadiet节食(表动作)abalanceddiet均衡的饮食①Youwillhavetodietbeforeyougetwellagain.在恢复健康之前,你必须按照医生的规定饮食。②I'vegainedmuchweightrecently.Ihavetogoonadiet.最近我胖了许多,我得节食了。③andregularexercisearebothimportantforyourhealth.均衡的饮食和有规律的锻炼对你的健康都很重要。④Peoplewhoareonadietcan'teatchocolate.正在节食的人不能吃巧克力。Abalanceddiet3.So,ifyou'reasugaraddictandaren'tabletosaynotochocolateorcola,youhadbetterdownloaditnow!所以,如果你是一个爱吃甜食的人,不能拒绝巧克力或可乐,你最好现在就下载它!★addictn.对……着迷的人vt.使沉溺;使上瘾(1)addictoneselfto沉溺于……(2)be/become/getaddictedto沉迷于;对……上瘾(3)addictiveadj.使人上瘾的;使人入迷的addictionn.瘾;入迷①Don'taddictyourselftosuchfoolishthings.不要沉迷在这些愚蠢的事情上面。②Theycomputergames,whichwillhaveabadeffectontheirstudies.他们沉迷于电脑游戏,这会对他们的学习有不好的影响。③Somestudentsarenowfightingtheir(addict)tocomputerg