Grammar(情态动词一)课前自学预习[观察句子,总结规律]①...Iholdaknifeandfork—andchopsticks!②ButtherearestillsomedishesthatDadnottryevenaftermanyyearsofmarriagetomymother.③MumandIjustfindawaytogethimintothekitchen!④...wenoteattoomuchroastfoodasitmaymakeussufferfromheatinsideourbodies,...⑤Youn'ttryitifyoudon'twantto,Mumsaid,...wasabletodarehaveto'dbetterneed[我的发现]以上五个句子都使用了情态动词。(1)①句中的beableto意为“________”。(2)②句中的dare意为“________”。(3)③句中的haveto意为“________”。(4)④句中的'dbetter为________的缩写,意为“________”。(5)⑤句中的need意为“________”。答案:(1)能够(2)胆敢,敢于(3)不得不(4)hadbetter;最好(5)需要答案精讲课时语法一、beableto的用法beableto意为“能够,有能力”,不仅有时态、人称和数的变化,而且还可以与某些系动词或情态动词连用(通常不与can连用),甚至还可以有非谓语形式。Hegetintouchwithher.他一直未能和她联系上。Youpersuadehim.你也许能够说服他。hasn'tbeenabletomightbeabletoIhopedothework.我希望能干得了这项工作。Iregrethelpher.我很遗憾未能帮助她。tobeabletonotbeingableto易混辨析can和beableto都可以表示能力,前者泛指一般的能力,只有两种形式,即can,could;后者表示通过努力可以具备具体做到某件事的能力或实现某种状态,重点强调的是要有一个努力的过程。如:Idriveacar.(我会开车)Idrivethecarinaweek.(隐含着我努力一周后就有能力学会开车的意思)canwillbeableto二、dare的用法dare既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词。1.dare作情态动词时,表示“敢,敢于”,后跟动词原形,常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。此时的dare没有人称、数和时态的变化,能单独构成否定和疑问。例如:youclimbthattree?你敢爬那棵树吗?Hegotherebecauseitisverydangerous.他不敢去那儿,因为那儿很危险。Daredaren't2.dare用作实义动词时,有时态和人称的变化,用do,does或did来构成否定句或疑问句。Shedidn'ttosayaword,didshe?她一句话也没敢说,是吗?dare三、haveto的用法haveto意为“不得不”,有时态、人称和数的变化,其否定形式为don't/doesn't/didn'thaveto。It'stoolate.Igohomenow.天色太晚了,我现在得回家了。Youfinishtheworknow.你现在没有必要完成这项工作。havetodon'thaveto易混辨析haveto和must的区别haveto表示一种客观的需要,而must表示一种主观的需要。此外,must还表示“偏要”“非得”的意思。Iattendanimportantmeetingthisafternoon.今天下午我不得不参加一个重要的会议。Icleantheroombecauseit'sdirty.我必须打扫一下房间,因为太脏了。havetomust四、hadbetter的用法hadbetter意为“最好”,后跟动词原形,常用来提出建议,或表示迫切地希望、警告等,语气较强。其中动词had没有人称或数的变化。hadbetter的简略式为'dbetter,否定式为hadbetternot。getheresoonorshe'llmisstheopeningceremony.她最好快点到这儿来,否则她会错过开幕式的。Theybelate.他们最好不要迟到。She'dbetterhadbetternot五、need的用法1.作情态动词(1)need作情态动词时,常用于疑问句、否定句或表示疑问的从句中,意为“需要”。—Ifinishtheworktoday?—Yes,you./No,you.——我需要今天干完这活吗?——是的,必须干完。/不用,你不必干完。(2)needn't意为“不必”,表示客观上不必如何。SoIpretend,needI?因此我不必假装,对吧?Needmustneedn'tneedn't2.作实义动词need作实义动词时,后可接名词、动名词、不定式等,有人称、时态和数的变化。Thebike.=Thebike.这辆自行车需要修理。needsrepairingneedstoberepaired选词并用适当形式填空:beableto;dare;haveto;hadbetter;need1.She________notgooutaloneatnight.答案:dare答案2.It'squitewarmheresowe________notturntheheatingon.答案:need答案3.You________arriveearlysothatyouwillnotmissanything.答案:hadbetter答案4.He________walkhomeyesterdaybecausehiscarbrokedown.答案:hadto答案5.NeithermywifenorI________persuademydaughtertochangehermindnow.答案:amableto答案6.He________playthepianowhenhewas5yearsold.答案:wasableto答案Vocabulary1relatedadj.有关系的,相关的(P5)归纳拓展(1)berelatedto=beconnectedwith与……有关系/关联(2)relatev.联系,使有联系relateto涉及;与……相关relate...to...把……和……联系起来①Lightindustrycloselyagriculture.轻工业和农业密切相关。②Thequestionnaireourlifestyle.这份问卷调查和我们的生活方式有关。③Itisdifficulttotheseresultsanyknowncause.很难把这些结果和任何已知的原因联系起来。isrelatedtorelatestorelateto(1)单句语法填空①ThisisanFrenchword________(relate)tomusic.②Wemustrelatewhathesays________whathedoes.答案:①related②to答案(2)单句写作①未来,工资的增加将和绩效相关。Inthefuture,payincreaseswill________________productivity.②他问了一些和他的专业有关的问题。Heaskedsomequestions____________hismajor.答案:①berelatedto②relatedto答案2dietn.日常饮食vi.节食;按规定饮食(P5)归纳拓展keepabalanceddiet保持均衡的饮食beonadiet节食(表状态)goonadiet节食(表动作)①Everyoneshouldforthebenefitofhealth.为了健康,每个人都应该保持平衡的膳食。②HaveyouYou'velostalotofweight.你最近在节食吗?你瘦了好多。③I'vebeeneversincethebirthofmysecondchild.我生完第二个孩子后就一直在节食。keepabalanceddietbeenonadiet?dieting单句写作①Mysisterwantsto________________(节食),becauseshethinkssheisoverweight.②________________(均衡的饮食)isimportantforachild'sdevelopment.③Drinkingwaterisakeypartof________________(健康的饮食)anditmakesyourskinclearerandtakesweightoff.答案:①goonadiet②Abalanceddiet③ahealthydiet答案3addictn.对……着迷的人vt.使上瘾(P5)归纳拓展(1)addictoneselfto沉溺于……;醉心于……(2)addictedadj.上瘾的;沉迷于某种嗜好的be/become/getaddictedto...沉迷于……;热爱……(3)addictiveadj.使人上瘾的addictionn.瘾,入迷,嗜好①Afterhisdivorce,Brucedrinking,thuslosinghisjob.离婚后,布鲁斯终日醉酒,结果丢了工作。②TeenagerswhotheInternetaremorelikelytosufferfromdepression.有网瘾的青少年更可能患忧郁症。③Youshouldstoptakingthismedicinebecauseitis.你应该停止服用这种药,因为它令人上瘾。④Somestudentsarenowfightingtheirtocomputergames.现在一些学生正努力戒除对电脑游戏的瘾。addictedhimselftoareaddictedtoaddictiveaddiction(1)单句语法填空①Alcoholandtobaccoarebothhighly________(addict).②Heisnowfightinghis________(addict)toalcohol.③Weareaddictedto________(buy)newthings.答案:①addictive②addiction③buying答案(2)单句写作曾经有一段时间他玩电脑游戏上瘾。Therewasatimewhenhe__________________computergames.答案:wasaddictedtoplaying答案4incase以防万一(P5)归纳拓展incaseof以防万一(后跟名词)inthatcase如果那样的话inthiscase在这种情况下inmostcases在大多数情况下inanycase无论如何,不管怎样innocase决不(位于句首时句子用部分倒装)that'snotthecase情况并非如此asisoftenthecase情况常常如此,常有的事①Takeanumbrellawithyourain.=Takeyourraincoatitshouldrain.带上雨伞,以防下雨。②Ihavetoleavesoon.无论如何,我必须尽快离开。③shouldyouleavehere.在任何情况下你都不要离开这里。incaseofincase(that)Inanycase,Innocase单句写作①对他来说是常有的事,他上课迟到了。____________________withhim,hewaslateforclass.②带张地图吧,以防迷路。Bringamap____________yougetlost.③汤姆现在很忙。在这种情况下,我们就不再等了。Tomisverybusynow.________________,wewon'twaitanylonger.④无论如何我不能输掉这次重要比赛。____________