2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 22 Environmental Protection S

温室效应，就是太阳短波辐射可以透过大气射入地面，而地面增暖后放出的长波辐射却被大气中的二氧化碳等物质所吸收，从而产生大气变暖的效应。ThegreenhouseeffectThegreenhouseeffect①istheriseintemperaturethattheEarthexperiencesbecausecertaingasesintheatmosphere②trapenergyfromthesun.Withoutthesegases,heatwouldescapebackintospaceandEarth'saveragetheywarmourworld,thesegasesarereferredtoasgreenhousegases③.Haveyoueverseenagreenhouse?Mostgreenhouseslooklike④asmallglasshouse.Greenhousesareusedtogrowplants,especiallyinthewinter.Greenhousesworkbytrappingheatfromthesun.Theglasspanels⑤ofthegreenhouseletin⑥lightbutkeepheatfromescaping.Thiscausesthegreenhousetoheatup,muchliketheinsideofacarparkedinsunlight,andkeepstheplantswarmenoughtoliveinthewinter.TheEarth'satmosphereisallaroundus.Itistheairthatwebreathe.Greenhousegasesintheatmospherebehavemuchliketheglasspanes⑦inagreenhouse.SunlightenterstheEarth'satmosphere,passingthrough⑧theblanketofgreenhousegases.AsitreachestheEarth'ssurface,land,water,andbiosphere⑨absorbthesunlight'senergy.Onceabsorbed,thisenergyissentbackintotheatmosphere.Someoftheenergypassesbackintospace,butmuchofitremainstrappedintheatmospherebythegreenhousegases,causingourworldtoheatup.Thegreenhouseeffectisimportant.Withoutthegreenhouseeffect,theEarthwouldnotbewarmenoughforhumanstolive.Butifthegreenhouseeffectbecomesstronger,itcouldmaketheEarthwarmerthanusual.Evenalittleextrawarmingmaycauseproblemsforhumans,plants,andanimals.[多积词汇]①greenhouseeffect温室效应②atmospheren．大气；大气层③greenhousegas温室气体④looklike看起来像⑤paneln．面，板⑥letin允许(空气、光线、水等)进入⑦glasspane玻璃窗⑧passthrough穿过⑨biospheren．生物圈SectionⅠWarm­up&Lesson1—Pre­reading[读文清障][原文呈现]①inthelast/pastfewdecades/years/months/days此类短语，通常与现在完成时连用。in也可换成over或during。本段和第三段均含有此类结构。②consensus/kən'sensəs/n.一致的意见Canwetaketheheat?Inthelastfewdecades①，scientistshavereachedconsensus②andreportedthathumanbeingsarecausingchangesintheEarth'sclimate—somethingpreviously[读文清障][原文呈现]③seenasbeyondourcontrol④.Theyclaim⑤thatinthelast50years,gasespumpedinto⑥theEarth'satmospherebythefactoriesandvehicleshavebeenspeedingup⑦theprocessofglobalwarmingandaffectingourclimate.Lookingahead⑧，③seenasbeyondourcontrol是过去分词短语作定语，修饰something。④beyondone'scontrol超出……的控制，不受……的控制⑤claim/kleIm/vt.声称⑥pumpinto注入⑦speedup加快速度⑧lookahead展望未来[读文清障][原文呈现]⑨现在分词短语facingthe21stcentury作后置定语，修饰thebiggestenvironmentalproblems。⑩beseenas被看作⑪dangern．[C]“危险的人，危险的事物”。在文中为抽象名词具体化。⑫relevant/'reləvənt/adj.有关的berelevantto与……相关，切题scientistsbelievethatglobalwarmingcouldbeoneofthebiggestenvironmentalproblemsfacingthe21stcentury⑨.Butwhatexactlyisglobalwarming,whyisitseenas○10adanger⑪，andhowisitrelevant⑫toourlives?[读文清障][原文呈现]⑬refer/rɪ'fɜː/(to)指，意即⑭averageadj.平均的；普通的，一般的⑮inturn继而；依次inreturn作为回报⑯leadto引起，导致⑰that,inturn,leadsto...是that引导的定语从句，修饰anaverageincreaseintheEarth'stemperature。Globalwarmingrefersto⑬anaverage⑭increaseintheEarth'stemperaturethat,inturn⑮，leadsto⑯climatechange⑰.ScientistsfoundthatthetemperatureoftheEarthiscontrolledbygreenhousegasessuchascarbondioxide[读文清障][原文呈现]⑱whichtrapheatfromthesun...是which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词greenhousegases。⑲ray/reI/n.光线⑳bounce/baʊns/vi.反弹○21Without...gases是without引出的含蓄虚拟条件，thesun'srayswouldbounce...是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，其中leaving...是现在分词短语作结果状语。whichtrapheatfromthesunintheEarth'satmosphere⑱.Withoutthesenaturallyoccurringgases,thesun'srays⑲wouldbounce⑳backintospaceleavingtheEarthcoldandimpossibletoliveon○21.Whenthepresenceofthesegasesintheatmosphereincreases,however,moreheatistrappedandtheEarth'stemperaturerises.我们受得了这么热吗？[第1～2段译文]在过去的几十年里，科学家们一致认为，人类正在引起地球气候的变化——这是一种原来被认为是超出我们控制能力的现象。他们声称，在过去的50年里，工厂和车辆排入地球大气层中的气体加速了全球变暖的进程，影响了我们的气候。展望未来，科学家们认为全球变暖可能是21世纪面临的最严重的环境问题之一。但是，确切地说，什么是全球变暖？为什么把它视为一种危险？它如何与我们的生活相关呢？全球变暖指的是地球温度平均增长，继而导致气候变化。科学家们发现地球的气温受温室气体如二氧化碳的控制，这些气体能将来自太阳的热量留在地球的大气层里。如果没有这些自然产生的气体，太阳光线将会被反射回太空中去，地球将处于寒冷之中，生命也就不可能在地球上存在。然而，当大气层中的这些气体的浓度不断增加时，更多的热量被留在地球，造成地球气温上升。[读文清障][原文呈现]Overthelast100years,theglobalaveragetemperaturehasincreasedby1°Fandmanyexpertsinsist○22thattheblameforthisglobalwarmingcanmostlybepinnedon○23humanactivities.○22insistvt.作“坚持认为”讲时，后面所跟的宾语从句用陈述语气；作“坚决要求”讲时，后面所跟的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。○23pin/pIn/(on)把责任加在(某人)身上pinblameon归咎于，归罪于[读文清障][原文呈现]○24asaresultof作为……的结果，因为○25agriculture/'ægrIˌkʌltʃə/n.农业Asaresultof○24increasedindustry,agriculture○25，thecuttingdownofforests,theincreaseintransportandtheburningoffuels,nearly6tonnesofcarbondioxidegoesintotheatmosphereeveryyearforeveryoneoftheEarth's6billionpeople.Theamountofcarbondioxideintheatmospherehasrisenbymorethan30%inthelast250yearswithhalfofthisincreaseoccurringsince1960.[读文清障][原文呈现]○26givenprep.鉴于，考虑到○27coincidence/kəʊ'InsIdns/n.巧合Given○26thisdata,itseemsthatthelinkbetweenhumanactivitiesandrisingglobaltemperaturesisnotmerelyacoincidence○27.[读文清障][原文呈现]○28inhugequantities大量○29condemn/kən'dem/vt.迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地○30consequencen．结果，后果Atemperatureincreaseof1°Fmaynotsoundlikealot,butifwecontinuetoproducecarbondioxideandothergasesinsuchhugequantities○28，wearecondemning○29lifeonEarthandshouldexpectsevereconsequences○30.[读文清障][原文呈现]○31drought/draʊt/n.旱灾○32raising...andflooding...是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示冰融化的结果。○33stop...fromdoingsth.阻止……做某事，from可以省略。Recen