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Unit21HumanBiologySectionⅢReading(Ⅱ)(Lesson2&Lesson3)新生词汇初识Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思()1.privilegedA．n.极相似之处；平行线()2.caterB．vt.预见()3.ampleC．n.停顿；暂停()4.storageD．vt.重建()5.postponeE．n.症状()6.rebuildF．adj.荣幸的()7.pauseG．vi.满足；迎合()8.symptomH．n.储存()9.parallelI．adj.充足的，充裕的()10.foreseeJ．vt.推迟，延期[答案]1－5FGIHJ6－10DCEABⅡ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思A.遗漏B.试图做C.拨通（电话）D.着手做E.毕竟F.加强()1.There'snotmuchtimeleft，let'sgetdowntorepairingthemachine.()2.He'snottoblame.Afterall,itwasthefirsttimehe'ddoneit.()3.Thespyattemptedtoescapetoaneighbouringcountry.()4.Themoreconfidenceyoubuildupinyourself,thegreaterareyourchancesofsuccess.()5.You'vemadeamistake—you'veleftouttheletter“e”．()6.I'vebeentryingtoringupalldayandIcouldn'tgetthrough.[答案]1－6DEBFAC教材语篇细研Epidemics(流行病)throughouthistoryWithrecentpressreportsdrawingparallelsbetweenBirdFluandakillerepidemicinthepast①，JimSmithlooksthroughthehistoryofepidemicsforcluesaboutwhatthefuturemighthold②.SinceBirdFlufirstappearedin1997,ithastakenmorethanahundredlives.Manypeoplefearitcouldbethenextglobalepidemic,especiallyasscientistswhostudiestissue(组织)fromthebodiesofpeoplewhodiedofthe1918SpanishFluprovedthatBirdFluisamodernadaptation(变化；变种)ofthesamevirus③.BacteriaandviruseshavebeenaroundsincethebeginningoflifeonEarthandmanyoftoday'sdiseaseshaveexistedaslongashumanshave.Itisimportanttolookatthespreadofdiseasesthroughouthistorytodiscoverthecausesandeffectsofepidemics,andhopefully,foreseeandpreventtheminthefuture.历史上的流行性传染病当近来媒体报道将禽流感与过去的流行性传染病杀手相提并论时，为寻找未来将会发生的线索，吉姆·史密斯查询了一下传染病的历史。自禽流感在1997年第一次出现以来，它已夺去了一百多人的生命。许多人担心它会成为下一个全球性的传染病，特别是在一些科学家研究了死于1918年西班牙流感的人的尸体组织后，证明了禽流感是同一种病毒的现代变异体。自从地球上出现生命以来，细菌和病毒与人类存在一样长久。研究历史上疾病的传播很重要，它能发现传染病的因和果，而且可望在将来能预见并预防它们。[助读讲解]①此处是“with＋宾语＋宾补结构”，因为pressreports和draw之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词形式。②what引导宾语从句，what在从句中作宾语。③as引导时间状语从句，从句中含有两个who引导的定语从句。Oneoftheearliestepidemicsonrecordhappenedabout500550ADwhentheRomanemperoratthetimewasattemptingtorebuildtheRomanEmpire.ThisepidemicsweptthroughNorthAfrica,theMiddleEastandEurope.Scientistsnowguessthatupto50%ofthearea'spopulationdiedfromthisepidemicmakingitoneofthemaincausesofthefalloftheRomanEmpire④.Inthe1330's,theepidemicreturned,thistimeinAsia.Itspreadrapidlyandbecameknownas“TheBlackDeath”asonesymptomwasblackspotsonthebody⑤.TheconditionsinmuchofAsiaandEurope－war,crowdedcitiesandalackofbasichealthroutines－providedtheperfectconditionsforthediseasetospreadworldwide.InurbanareasalloverEurope,Asia,AfricaandtheMiddleEast,uptoonehalfofthepopulationwaslosttotheBlackDeath.历史上记载最早的传染病之一爆发在大约公元500－550年，当时罗马帝王正试图重建罗马帝国。这次传染病席卷了北非、中东和欧洲。现在科学家猜测当时那一地区多达50%的人死于这次传染病，这也是罗马帝国衰落的主要原因。在14世纪30年代，这次传染病在亚洲卷土重来。它传播快，被称为“黑死病”，其症状为患者身上出现黑斑。当时亚洲和欧洲的大部分地区都陷入这样的状况——战争频发、城市拥挤不堪和缺乏基本的健康体系，这种状况促进了疾病在全球范围内的蔓延。在整个欧洲、亚洲、非洲和中东地区的城市里，多达一半的人口死于黑死病。[助读讲解]④makingitoneofthemaincauses...是现在分词短语在句中作结果状语。⑤此处是as引导的原因状语从句。AnotherepidemicthatspreadinsimilarconditionswastheGreatFluEpidemicof1918,alsocalledtheSpanishFlu.ItstruckneartheendoftheFirstWorldWarandleftfamiliesmourningworldwide⑥.Havingkilledupto50millionpeoplein18months⑦，withatendencytostriketheyoungandfitratherthantheold，theSpanishFluisbelievedto⑧havebeenthemostacute(严重的；剧烈的)epidemicinhistory.Morepeoplediedofthefluthandiedinthewar.Yet,somehow,itwasforgottenbyhistoryuntilveryrecentlywhenSARSbecameacauseforconcern.TheSARSepidemicbeganin2002withalungdiseaseinGuangdongProvinceandspreadquicklyafterDrLiuJianjun,thecarrier,cametoHongKongandpassedthevirustopeoplewhocarriedittoCanada,VietnamandSingapore.Overninemonths,thenumberofglobalcasespassed8，000and774peopledied.AlthoughthesestatisticsaremuchlessimpressivethanthosefortheSpanishFlu,SARSwasstillveryalarmingforafewkeyreasons.另一种以相似条件传播的传染病是1918年大流感，也被称为“西班牙流感”。它爆发于一战即将结束之时，使世界各地的许多家庭饱受丧亲之痛。因为西班牙流感在18个月内杀死了高达五千万人，而且它易感染年轻和健康人群而不是老年人群，所以它被认为是有史以来最急性的传染病。死于流感的人多过战争中丧生的人。然而，直到最近“非典”成为人们关注的焦点时，人们才想起它。随着广东省出现一例肺病，“非典”传染病就于2002年开始了，并在刘剑军医生，一位病毒携带者，来到香港把病毒传给其他人，其他人又把病毒传到加拿大、越南和新加坡后迅速传播开来。在九个月中，全球的病例超过8000而且有774人死亡。虽然与西班牙流感的数据相比，这些数据不那么引人瞩目，但由于一些重要原因，“非典”仍令人警惕。[助读讲解]⑥leftfamiliesmourning是“leave＋宾语＋宾补”表结果。⑦现在分词短语作原因状语；kill这一动作先于isbelieved因此用现在分词的完成式。⑧sb./sth.bebelievedto...＝Itisbelievedthat...。NoonereallyknewmuchaboutSARSasitwascompletelynew.Thismeantthattherewerenoprescriptiondrugsortablets(药片)totreatitanddoctorswerenotsurehowtopreventit⑨either.Sincemostpeoplehadnonaturaldefencesagainstthedisease,itwasalsoharmfultothedoctorsandnursestreatingSARSpatients⑩.SincetheSARSepidemicended,scientistshavebeendoingtrialsontreatmentstoprohibit(禁止)anyfutureoutbreaks.Moderncommunicationtechnologyandmedicalresearchtechniquesallowhealthexpertsallovertheworldtounite,shareknowledge,andworktogetherwithoutpausetohelpputSARSbehindus.Meanwhile,governmentsworldwidehavealsounderlined(表明重要性；强调)thefactthatthoroughandsystematicmedicalresearchonBirdFluneedtoleadtoacureassoonaspossible⑪.CountrieswillneedtoworktogethertodothisastheSARSepidemicprovedhowteamworkamongnationscansavelives.Withalltheinternationaleffortbeingmade,wehavetohavefaith(信心)thattherewillbesolutionsintimetostopaBirdFluepidemicinitstracks.由于“非典”是一种完全新的病毒，就没有一个人真正对它很了解。这就意味着没有处方或药物治疗