2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 20 New Frontiers Section Ⅲ Le

[读文清障][原文呈现]①dilemma/dI'lemə/n.困境，进退两难的窘境inadilemma处于进退两难的境地②makeadiscovery发现③communicationn．通讯PIONEERSOFSCIENCEIfyouhadtochoosethesinglemostimportantdiscoveryofthe20thcentury,youwouldhavearealdilemma①onyourhands.Injust100years,theworldchangedcompletely.Amazingdiscoveriesweremade②inmedicine,communications③andtransport,SectionⅢLesson2&Lesson3[读文清障][原文呈现]nottomention④ourknowledge⑤oftheworldandspace.Medicaladvancesranged⑥fromdiscoveringthecausesofdiseasesundermicroscopes⑦tosurgicalprocedures⑧replacingdiseasedorganswithdonated⑨ones.④nottomention更不用说⑤knowledgen．知识，学问⑥rangevi.(在一定范围内)变动，变化rangefrom...to...从……到……不等⑦microscope/'maIkrəskəʊp/n.显微镜⑧procedure/prə'siːdʒə/n.步骤；程序⑨organ/'ɔːɡən/n.器官donate/dəʊ'neIt/vt.捐赠；赠送replacingdiseasedorganswithdonatedones是现在分词短语作定语，修饰surgicalprocedures。[读文清障][原文呈现]⑩correspond/ˌkɒrI'spɒnd/vi.通信；符合⑪meanwhile/'miːnwaIl/adv.同时(＝meantime)⑫figureout弄清楚，弄懂⑬split/splIt/vi.分开，分离⑭过去分词短语作定语，修饰theatom。⑮singleout挑选出，选拔出(～for/as)Communicationschangedwiththeintroductionofmobilephonesandthewaywecorrespond⑩wentfromwritingletterstoemailing.Westartedflyingaroundtheworldandmeanwhile⑪，scientistsfiguredout⑫howtosplit⑬theatom,previouslythoughttobethesmallestparticleofmatterintheuniverse⑭.Althoughitisimpossibletochoosethemostimportantdiscovery,itispossibletosingleout⑮afewpioneersofthe20thcentury.Herearefiveofthem.科学发展的先驱者[第1～2段译文]如果要选择20世纪最重要的一个发现，你将会面对一个真正的难题。仅仅100年，世界就完全变了。医学、通讯和交通运输方面都有了惊人的发现，更不用说我们对世界和空间的了解了。医学的进步包括从在显微镜下发现疾病的起因到用捐赠器官替代病变器官这样的外科手术过程。通讯随着移动电话的引入而改变，我们通信的方式也从写信变成发电子邮件。我们开始在世界各地飞行，同时，科学家们发现了怎样分离原子，而原子以前被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。虽然不可能选择最重要的发现，但是挑选出20世纪的几个先驱者是可能的。以下是他们中的5位。[读文清障][原文呈现]Oneofthe20thcentury'spremier⑯scientistswasAlbertEinstein.Inthesummerof1905,thisoutspoken⑰youngmanwasrockinghisone­year­oldbabywhen⑱hewassuddenlyinspired.“E＝mc2”wasborn.⑯premier/'premiə/adj.最重要的⑰outspoken/aʊt'spəʊkn/adj.直言的，坦率的⑱bedoingsth.when...是固定句式，意为“正在做某事，这时……”。[读文清障][原文呈现]⑲“anamountof＋不可数名词”后跟谓语单数；“amountsof＋不可数名词”后跟谓语复数。⑳theoryofrelativity相对论○21accordingto依照，根据E＝mc2showedhowasmallpieceofmasscouldproduceanunbelievableamountof⑲energy.Einsteinthenshowedinhis“theoryofrelativity⑳”thatnoteventime,massorlengthareconstant—theychangeaccordingto○21ourexperienceofthem.[读文清障][原文呈现]Einsteinhadalreadybecomeworld­famous○22when○23ayoungex­lawyer,returningfromtheFirstWorldWar○24，startedworkinCalifornia.Usingthemosthigh­poweredtelescopeofthetime○25，hebeganthelong,slowprocessofexploringourgalaxy○26.○22world­famousadj.世界闻名的○23hadjust/alreadydone...when...刚刚/已经……，这时/此时……○24returningfrom...是现在分词短语作后置定语。○25high­poweredadj.高性能的，马力大的telescope/'telIskəʊp/n.望远镜using...time是现在分词短语作方式状语。○26galaxy/'ɡæləksi/n.星系[读文清障][原文呈现]EdwinHubblewasabouttomakeastronomy'sgreatestbreakthroughofthecentury.Hediscoveredsmallareasofmist○27whichwereinfactgalaxieslikeourown,millionsoflightyearsawayfromus,whichprovedthattheuniversewasvastlylargerthanhadpreviouslybeenthought.○27mist/mIst/n.薄雾[第3～4段译文]20世纪最重要的科学家之一是阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦。1905年的夏天，这个直率的年轻人正在摇着他一岁大的孩子，突然灵感就产生了。“E＝mc2”诞生了。E＝mc2显示出了质量很小的物质怎样能产生出令人难以置信的巨大能量。之后爱因斯坦又在他的“相对论”中表明，甚至连时间、质量和长度也不是持久不变的——根据我们对它们的了解，它们也会有所改变。就在爱因斯坦的名字响彻世界之时，从第一次世界大战的战场回来的一个年轻律师，开始了他在加利福尼亚的工作。用一台在当时倍数最高的望远镜，他开始了漫长的对我们的星系的探索。埃德温·哈勃即将实现本世纪天文史上最大的突破。他发现小的雾区实际上是像我们自己的一样的星系，离我们有几百万光年之远。这个发现证明了宇宙比我们以前想象的要大得多。[读文清障][原文呈现]○28far­reachingadj.影响深远的，广泛的○29double­checkv．再检查○30mould/məʊld/n.霉，霉菌○31aroundwhichthebacteriahadbeendestroyed是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。In1929,anotherfar­reaching○28findingwasmadebythesonofaScottishshepherd.Beforehewentonholiday,biologistAlexanderFlemingleftadishwithbacteriainitinhislaboratory.Whenhecameback,henoticedsomethingstrange.Hedouble­checked○29andsawabluemould○30inthedisharoundwhichthebacteriahadbeendestroyed○31.[读文清障][原文呈现]Thisbluemouldwasinfactthenaturalformofpenicillin○32，whichFlemingrealisedcouldbeusedtokillbacteria○33.Afewyearslater,penicillinwasbeingmass­produced○34andhelpingtosavethelivesofmillions.Flemingremainedmodestabout○35theamazingoutcome○36ofhisdiscovery.“Naturemadepenicillin，”hesaid,“Ijustfoundit.”○32penicillin/ˌpenI'sIlIn/n.青霉素，盘尼西林○33whichFlemingrealisedcouldbeused...是which引导的非限制性定语从句。which代替penicillin，作从句的主语。○34mass­producevt.大量生产○35bemodestabout对……谦虚○36outcome/'aʊtkʌm/n.后果，结果[读文清障][原文呈现]○37cure/kjʊə/vt.治愈○38navy/'neIvi/n.海军○39missilen．导弹○40turnto求助于○41wrestle/'resl/vi.努力解决；摔跤；搏斗DuringtheSecondWorldWar,whenFleming'sdiscoverywasfirsthelpingtocure○37people,theUSNavy○38waslookingforwaysofimprovingtheaccuracyoftheirmissiles○39.Thenavyturnedto○40Eckert,anengineer,andMauchly,aphysicist,towrestle○41withtheproblemandproduceamachinetodothejob.Althoughtheyonlyfinishedafterthewarin1946,itdidnotmatter.Thishugemachinewastheworld'sfirstcomputer,[读文清障][原文呈现]○42nothinglike一点儿也不像○43circuit/'sɜːkIt/n.电路○44so...that“如此……以至于”，引导结果状语从句。该结果状语从句中又包含了一个when引导的时间状语从句。butitwasnothinglike○42ourcomputerstoday.Itmeasured100feetlongbyover10feethighandweighedover30tonnes.With18,000tubes,thousandsofcircuits○43and6,000switches,itusedsomuchenergythatwhenit○44wasturnedon,thelightsinthelocaltownwentout！[第5～7段译文]1929年，又一个意义深远的发现诞生了，发现者是一个苏格兰牧羊人家的儿子。去度假之前，