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Unit15LearningSectionⅤGrammar&Writing虚拟语气单句语法填空1．IfIwereyou，I____________(go)toseetheoldmanwithyourfatheronceaweek.答案：wouldgo2．Ifit____________(rain)nextweek,thefarmerscouldstillhaveagoodharvest.答案：rained/shouldrain3．Ifyouhadworkedharder,you____________(enter)thekeyuniversity.答案：wouldhaveentered4．Hefeltverytiredyesterday,orhe____________(go)tohelpyou.答案：wouldhavegone5．Ifyou____________(get)earlier,youwouldhavemetMr.Wang.答案：hadgot一、条件句中的虚拟语气类别用法例句if引导的条件句与现在事实相反从句谓语动词：过去式(be用were)主句谓语动词：should/would/could/might＋动词原形Iftheywereattacked，thesecarswouldbestrongenoughtoprotectthem.如果他们遭受袭击，这些车厢足够牢固来保护他们。类别用法例句if引导的条件句与过去事实相反从句谓语动词：had＋过去分词主句谓语动词：should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词Ifhehadnotbeeninanopencar，hewouldn’thavebeenshot.他若不在敞篷汽车内，就不会被射击。类别用法例句if引导的条件句与将来事实相反从句谓语动词：过去式/were＋不定式/should＋动词原形主句谓语动词：should/would/could/might＋动词原形Ifitrained/weretorain/shouldraintomorrow，wewouldnotgocamping.若明天下雨，我们就不去野营。类别用法例句if引导的条件句的倒装如果在表示虚拟语气的条件句中含有were，had或should，可将if省略，然后将were，had或should移至主语之前Hadwemadeagreateffort，wemighthavesucceeded.(＝Ifwehadmadeagreateffort，wemighthavesucceeded.)如果我们做出了巨大努力，也许已经成功了。二、从句中的虚拟语气类别用法例句宾语从句表示建议、要求、命令的demand，suggest，order，insist等后接的从句中谓语动词为(should＋)动词原形Hesuggestedthatwe(should)notchangeourmind.他建议我们不要改变主意。类别用法例句宾语从句wish后的从句中的谓语动词分别用一般过去时、过去完成时和hould/would/could/might＋动词原形时，它们分别表示与现在、过去和将来情况相反IwishIcouldbeapopsinger.我希望我能成为一名流行歌手。类别用法例句主语从句在“Itisnecessary/important/strange/suggested/demanded/ordered/requested＋that从句”中，谓语动词用(should＋)动词原形Itisstrangethatsuchaperson(should)beourfriend.奇怪的是这样一个人成了我们的朋友。类别用法例句表语从句和同位语从句在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.我的意见是在接受之前我们要反复考虑。三、特殊句式中的虚拟语气类别用法例句混合条件句的虚拟语气有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据它们表示的时间加以调整Ifithadrainedlastnight，itwouldbeverycooltoday.要是昨晚下雨了，今天将会很凉爽。类别用法例句含蓄条件句的虚拟语气(1)用连词otherwise，or，but等暗示前面表示虚拟(2)用butfor，without等介词(短语)表示条件Theshipwouldhavesunkwithallonboardbutfortheeffortsofthecaptain.要不是船长的努力，这艘船和船上的一切都将会沉没。类别用法例句其他句型wouldrather所接的从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时(对现在/将来虚拟)或者过去完成时(对过去虚拟)Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.我宁愿你此刻待在家里。Itis(high)time(that)．..句型中谓语动词用一般过去时或should＋动词原形，should不可省略It’shightimethatweleft.到我们离去的时间了。类别用法例句其他句型ifonly后面的谓语动词常用一般过去时(对现在虚拟)、过去完成时(对过去虚拟)与过去将来时(对将来虚拟)，表示强烈的愿望Ifonlyourdreamhadcometrue!要是我们的梦想都实现了，该多好啊！asif引导的状语从句中谓语动词用一般过去时或过去完成时Theyaretalkingasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.他们谈话的样子好像已是多年的朋友一样。Ⅰ单句语法填空1．Ifthenewsafetysystem____________(put)touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.答案：hadbeenput2．—DoyouhaveBetty’sphonenumber?—Yes.Otherwise,I____________(notbe)abletoreachheryesterday.答案：wouldn’thavebeen3．Wewishyou____________(come)toourEnglisheveninglastweek.答案：hadcome4．Ifshe____________(invite)meyesterday,Iwouldhavegonetotheparty.答案：hadinvited5．Thedoctorsuggestedthathe____________(try)tolosehisweight.答案：(should)try6．Whatdoyouthinkofhisproposalthatwe____________(put)onaplayattheEnglishCorner?答案：(should)put7．Itisnecessarythathe____________(send)toBeijingrightaway.答案：(should)besent8．It’srequestedthatwe____________(keep)thestabilityofthesocietyforthepeople’speacefullife.答案：(should)keep9．Ifyouhadn’thelpedus,we____________(notfinish)thewholeworksoeasily.答案：wouldn’thavefinished10．Iwasverybusythen,orI____________(help)you.答案：wouldhavehelpedⅡ单句改错1．IfIhavetime,Iwouldgotoseethechildreninthecentre.____________答案：have→had2．Thedoctorssuggestedtheboywasoperatedonatonce.____________答案：was→(should)be3．Itishightimethatwemakegooduseofeveryminutetostudy.____________答案：make→made/shouldmake4．Itisrequestedthateveryonewillgotothelibrarythisweekend.____________答案：will→should5．Butforhissuggestion,wewillnothavefinishedtheworkintwodays.____________答案：will→wouldⅢ语法与写作1．没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。Withoutyourinstruction,I____________．答案：wouldnothavemadesuchgreatprogress2．如果你早些来，你就不会错过那场电影了。Ifyouhadcomehereearlier,________________________.答案：youwouldn’thavemissedthefilm3．他建议我们向一位专家咨询一下。Hesuggestedthat____________．答案：weshouldconsultwithanexpert4．我们采取措施来保护环境是非常重要的。Itisvitalthat____________．答案：weshouldtakemeasurestoprotecttheenvironment5．昨天你本该待在家里，但是你没有。You____________，butyoudidn’t.答案：shouldhavestayedathomeyesterday如何写说明文文体感知说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，用简洁明了的文字介绍事物、解释事理，使人获得某种知识的文体。说明文的目的是让读者有所知，给读者提供知识，使之了解客观世界，掌握解决问题的方法。在书面表达试题中，说明文常以图画、图表或文字提示的方式出现。写说明文时，应注意以下几点：1．收集与题目相关的资料，限定要说明的事物和范围。2．层次安排得当，下笔前，先拟提纲，说明需有条不紊。3．说明切题，字句紧凑，可适当举例说明。4．说明文中用一般现在时进行陈述，有时可能有时态的变化，需认真审题。5．说明文的结构可遵循“引子—正文—结束语”的模式。增分佳句1．Itislocated/situatedin...2．Itliesbetween...and...3．Oppositetothe...stands...4．Nexttothedoorthereisa．..5．...isanewkindof...producedby...6．Madeof...,itislight,small,andeasytocarry.7．Chinaisalargecountrywithrichhistoryandmuchpopulation.8．Nowadaysitiscommontouse...9．Asisknowntoall,itisimportantto...10．Withthedevelopmentof...,thereisanincreasingneedforpeopletoknowhowto...11．Thefirstthingtodois...写作要求《21世纪学生英语报》是一份广受师生欢迎的刊物，请根据以下内容介绍这份报纸。内容包括：1．出版地及周期：北京，每周一期；2．特色：内容丰富，图文并茂，版面设计新颖；3．办报宗旨：帮助同学们获得英语知识和技能，提高英语水平，拓宽视野；4．深受同学们的喜欢。注意：1.词数100左右；2．开头已给出，但不计入总词数；3．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。21stCenturyTeensisavery