搜索
SectionⅣGrammar单元语法项目(一)——间接引语(Ⅰ)语法图解探究发现①“Couldyoulendmeapen？”→Peteraskedmetolendhimapen.②“Don'tlosethereceipt.It'simportant.”→Thesalesgirlinstructedtheshoppernottolosethereceiptthatwasimportant.③“Checkforerrors,please.”→Theteacherorderedtheclasstocheckforerrors.④“Whydon'tyoutakemeforapicnic？”heasked.→Headvisedmetotakehimforapicnic.⑤Hesaid,“Let'sgotothemovies.”→Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotothemovies.⑥“Wouldyouliketoseemyflat？”sheasked.→Sheaskedmewhether/ifIwouldliketoseeherflat.→Sheaskedmetoseeherflat.[我的发现](1)直接引语为祈使句，变间接引语时把祈使句转换成作宾语补足语，动词用等。如句②、句③、句⑤。(2)直接引语为委婉祈使句，变间接引语时把委婉祈使句转换成，动词用等，如句①、句④。(3)直接引语为以Let's...开头的祈使句，变间接引语时，常用“”句式转换。如句⑤。(4)表示请求的一般疑问句(如句⑥)变为间接引语有两种方式：将直接引语的内容变为由或引导的宾语从句或用结构。order/ask/instruct/suggest不定式不定式ask/advisesuggestthat...ifwhetherasksb.todosth.1．一般地，转述表示请求的祈使句(如含有please的祈使句或Can/Couldyou...？句型)时，动词多用ask/beg；转述表示命令的祈使句时，动词多用tell/order。“Canyoulendmesomemoney？”hesaid.→Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney.Thecaptainsaidtothesoldier,“Getitdonebytwoo'clock.”→Thecaptainorderedthesoldiertogetitdonebytwoo'clock.2．否定的祈使句变为间接引语时将not放在不定式前。“Don'ttalk，”hesaidtothestudents.→Hetoldthestudentsnottotalk.[助记]祈使句由直接引语变间接引语时的口诀：去掉引号要加to,ask和order须记住；直引若是否定式，not加在to前部。3．以let开头的祈使句，常用suggest(that)...转述。Hesaid,“Let'sgocampingnextSaturday.”→Hesuggestedthatthey(should)gocampingthenextSaturday.4．直接引语是表示请求、劝告、建议等意义的疑问句时，变成间接引语用“advise/ask＋宾语＋不定式”结构转述。“Wouldyoumindmovingyourcase？”hesaid.→Heaskedmetomovemycase.→Heaskedmewhether/ifImindedmovingmycase.[名师点津]如果直接引语是表示请求的一般疑问句，变成间接引语除了用上述结构外，还可将直接引语变成whether或if引导的宾语从句。即时演练将直接引语变为间接引语①“Don'tplayfootballinthestreet，”mothertoldthechildren.→②“Remembertoswitchoffallthelights，”shesaidtome.→③“Standwhereyouare！”thepolicesaidtotheyoungman.→④“Pleaseclosethewindow，”hesaidtome.→⑤Mr.Wangsaid,“Jim,don'tbelatenexttime.”→Mothertoldthechildrennottoplayfootballinthestreet.Shetoldmetoremembertoswitchoffallthelights.ThepoliceorderedtheyoungmantostandwherehewasHeaskedmetoclosethewindow.Mr.WangaskedJimnottobelatenexttime.Ⅰ.句型转换(将直接引语变为间接引语)1．Theteachersaid,“Don'tbelateforschoolagain,WangXia.”→2．Themothersaid，“Doctor,pleasesavemydaughter.”→3．“Whydon'tyoutakeawalkaftersupper？”hesaidtome.→4．“Stayhereuntiltomorrow，”beggedmygrandma.→TheteachertoldWangXianottobelateforschoolagain.Themotheraskedthedoctortosaveherdaughter.Headvisedmetotakeawalkaftersupper.Mygrandmabeggedmetostaythereuntilthenextday.5．Hesaid,“Canyoucomethisafternoon,John？”→6．“Makesurethedoorisshut，”saidhe.→7．“Dosomeshoppingforme,please，”hesaidtoher.→8．Mikeasked,“Canyoutellmethewaytothepostoffice,Bob？”→HeaskedJohnwhether/ifJohncouldgothatafternoon.Hetoldmetomakesurethedoorwasshut.Heaskedhertodosomeshoppingforhim.MikeaskedBobifhecouldtellhimthewaytothepostoffice.Ⅱ.完成句子1．IfitisconvenientforyouinAugust,I'dliketo(让你去那儿)foravisitthen.2．Myparentsoftenaskme(不要在玩电脑游戏上花费太多时间)．3．Ourmathsteacheralwaystellsus(不要再犯同样的错误)．4．Thedriverremindedthepassengers(不要落下他们的任何东西)onthebus.5．MarytoldTom(把收音机的声音调小)asherbabywassleeping.askyoutogotherenottospendtoomuchtimeplayingcomputergamesnottomakethesamemistakeagainnottoleaveanyoftheirthingstoturndowntheradio单元语法项目(二)——间接引语(Ⅱ)语法图解探究发现①KatetoldHenry,“Iwillcomeheretowatchtheseprogramstomorrow.”→KatetoldHenrythatshewouldgotheretowatchthoseprogramsthenextday.②MrsLiaskedChenFei,“AreyouinterestedinEnglish？”→MrsLiaskedChenFeiif/whetherhewasinterestedinEnglish.③Lindaasked,“Youlikethefood,don'tyou？”→Lindaasked(me)if/whetherIlikedthefood.④Tomasked,“Wherearemysportsshoes,Mom？”→Tomaskedhismomwherehissportsshoeswere.⑤Heasked,“Whereareyoutogetoff,John？”→HeaskedJohnwherehewastogetoff.⑥Hesaid,“Doyouliketoeatapplesororanges？”→Heasked(me)whetherIlikedtoeatapplesororanges.[我的发现]直接引语变为间接引语时要注意：(1)语序的变化，如例句；(2)的变化，如例句①②③④⑤⑥；(3)的变化，如例句①②③④⑤⑥；(4)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及动词的变化，如例句。②③④⑤⑥人称时态①一、语序变化当我们用自己的语言转述别人的话语时，称为间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句，用陈述句语序。而主句部分则根据语境的需要选择适当的转述动词。直接引语变成间接引语有以下几种情况：(1)直接引语为陈述句：间接引语变成that引导的宾语从句。Johnsaid,“Ilikereadingadventurestories.”→Johnsaidthathelikedreadingadventurestories.(2)直接引语是一般疑问句：间接引语变成if/whether引导的宾语从句。HeaskedMary，“Doyouwanttogototheconcertwithme？”→HeaskedMaryif/whethershewantedtogototheconcertwithhim.(3)直接引语是选择疑问句：间接引语变成whether...or...引导的宾语从句，主句谓语动词一般用ask。Shesaid,“Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee？”→Sheasked(us)whetherwewouldliketeaorcoffee.(4)直接引语是特殊疑问句：间接引语变成由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。Heasked,“Whatisitallabout？”→Heaskedwhatitwasallabout.即时演练1将直接引语变为间接引语①Shesaid,“Didyouseehimlastnight？”→②“Howdoyoufeel？”thedoctoraskedhim.→③Shesaid,“Wouldyouliketostaywithmeorgobyyourselfonapicnic？”→Sheasked(me).④“Whohasbrokenmymirror？”Maryasked.→Maryasked.Sheasked(me)ifIhadseenhimthenightbefore.Thedoctoraskedhimhowhefelt.whetherIwouldliketostaywithherorgobymyselfonapicnicwhohadbrokenhermirror二、人称变化1．“一随主”。直接引语的主语为第一人称时，变为间接引语时从句主语应与主句主语一致。Hesaid,“Ilikepopmusic.”→Hesaidhelikedpopmusic.2．“二随宾”。直接引语的主语为第二人称时，变为间接引语时从句主语应与主句中的宾语一致。Hetoldme,“YoushouldhanditinonFriday.”→HetoldmethatIshouldhanditinonFriday.3．“三不变”。直接引语中的主语为第三人称时，变为间接引语时从句主语不必作出变化。Mr.Smithsaid,“Sheismyworkmate.”→Mr.Smithsaidthatshewashisworkmate.即时演练2将直接引语变为间接引语①Hesaid,“Iamverybusy.”→Hesaidthat.②Hesai