Unit14CareersSectionⅤGrammar&Writing直接引语和间接引语单句语法填空1.(教材P23)Peteraskedme________Icouldlendhimapen.答案:if/whether2.(教材P23)Theteacherorderedtheclass____________(check)forerrors.答案:tocheck3.(教材P27)Iaskedifyou____________(win)somecookingcompetitions.答案:hadwon4.(教材P27)Iwantedtoknow____________youthoughtofyourjob.答案:what5.(教材P27)Iasked____________therewassomethingexcitinghappeningthisyear.答案:if/whether一、定义直接引语是一字不改地将别人的话放在引号内。间接引语是用自己的话对别人的话进行转述,不用引号。例如:Hesaid,“Mudslidehascausedgreatharmtothelocalpeople.”他说:“泥石流给当地人们造成了巨大损害。”(引号内的话为直接引语)→Hesaidthatmudslidehadcausedgreatharmtothelocalpeople.他说泥石流给当地人们造成了巨大损害。(that引导的宾语从句为间接引语)二、直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则1.人称的变化直接引语变为间接引语时,人称代词要根据转述人立场的变化作相应的改变。直接引语变间接引语人称变化口诀:“一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新。”(1)“一随主”。指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰,从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称而变化。(2)“二随宾”。指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰,从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致;如果引号外的主句没有宾语,也可以用第一人称。(3)“第三人称不更新”。指直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰,从句中的人称一般不需要变化。2.时态的变化直接引语变间接引语时动词变化如下表:直接引语间接引语句子时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时过去将来时直接引语间接引语例句①Hesaid,“ThefilmhadbegunwhenIgottothecinema.”→Hesaidthatthefilmhadbegunwhenhegottothecinema.②Iaskedtheteacher,“Whenshallwehaveoursportsmeeting?”→Iaskedtheteacherwhenwewouldhaveoursportsmeeting.在下面几种情况中,直接引语变为间接引语时,时态不发生变化。(1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言时,其时态不变。“Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth,”theteachertoldme.→Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.(2)直接引语中有具体的表过去的某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变。例如:Tomsaid,“IwasbornonApril21,1980.”→TomsaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.3.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化引语用词直接引语间接引语指示代词this这个that那个these这些those那些引语用词直接引语间接引语时间状语now现在then那时today今天thatday那天thismorning今天上午thatmorning那天上午tonight今天晚上thatnight那天晚上tomorrow明天thenext/followingday第二天引语用词直接引语间接引语时间状语yesterday昨天thedaybefore前一天lastnight昨天晚上thenightbefore前一天晚上thedaybeforeyesterday前天twodaysbefore两天前threedaysago三天前threedaysbefore三天前nextweek下一周thenext/followingweek第二周ago(至今)以前before(那时)以前引语用词直接引语间接引语地点状语here这儿there那儿方向性动词bring带来take带走come来go去4.连接词的选择(1)直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时,常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中,that可以省略。例如:Hesaid,“Iwascookingwhentheearthquakehappened.”→Hesaid(that)hewascookingwhentheearthquakehappened.直接引语是陈述句时,若变为间接引语,主句谓语动词“saidtosb.”常改为“toldsb.”。Shesaidtome,“Icamebackanhourago.”→Shetoldme(that)shehadcomebackanhourbefore.(2)直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时,间接引语中用whether(...or...或...ornot)或if引导。Hesaid,“AreyouinterestedinEnglish?”→Heasked(me)if/whetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.如果主句中谓语动词是said,则将其改为asked。(3)直接引语为特殊疑问句时,间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导,其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。“What’syourname?”heaskedme.→Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时,要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。5.祈使句的直接引语变间接引语祈使句的间接引语形式多采用“动词+宾语+动词不定式”结构。常见的引述动词有ask,tell,beg,warn,remind,advise,order等。(1)引述表示命令的祈使句,常用tell,order等转述。例如:直接引语中的称呼语,一般把它当作宾语用。(2)引述表示建议、劝告的祈使句,可以用advise,suggest等词转述。(3)引述表示请求的祈使句,常用ask,beg等词转述。(4)引述表示警告或提醒的祈使句用remind,warn等词转述。6.一般疑问句的直接引语变间接引语若直接引语中的一般疑问句是由表示委婉语气的would,could等构成的疑问句,转换为间接引语时句子的谓语动词常用asked。例如:7.感叹句的直接引语变间接引语直接引语是感叹句时,间接引语可以用what或how引导也可以用that引导。有些感叹句的转述要根据原句的意思采用适当的动词变陈述句。“HappyNewYear!”hesaidtome.→HewishedmeaHappyNewYear.Ⅰ单句语法填空1.Hetoldmethathe____________(go)toseehisparentsthenextweek.答案:wouldgo2.Mr.Liaskedme____________IwouldgotospendmyholidayinHainan.答案:whether/why3.Hesaidhe____________(get)upatsixeverymorningand____________(go)tobedatteno’clockeveryevening.答案:gets;goes4.Theoldmantoldmethathe____________(like)popularmusicverymuch.答案:liked5.Sheoftensaysthatshe____________(notforget)thekindwomanforever.答案:willnotforget6.HeaskedmeifIwouldgotothebeach____________nextmonth.答案:the7.Hesaidthathe____________(have)supperwhenthedoorbellrang.答案:washaving8.Theguidesaidthathe____________(travel)manyplacessofar.答案:hadtravelled9.Thelittlegirltoldmethatshe____________(draw)twopicturesalready.答案:haddrawn10.Thewritertoldusthathe____________(travel)aroundtheworldthenextyear.答案:wouldtravelⅡ单句改错1.Themotheraskedhersoncloseallthewindowsatonce.____________答案:close前加to2.HeaskedmewhetherIwillgotoseethefilmwithhim.____________答案:will→would3.Myfriendtoldmethatheislisteningtomusicwhentheteachercamein.____________答案:is→was4.Theoldmansaidthathehasgivenawaymostofhismoneysofar.____________答案:has→had5.Theteacherorderedthestudentsstayintheclassroomtoday.____________答案:stay前加toⅢ语法与写作1.他问我是什么时候开始学习英语的。Heaskedme____________________________.答案:whenIhadbeguntolearnEnglish2.老师让这些孩子去打扫操场。Theteacheraskedthechildren____________________.答案:tocleantheplayground3.这位妈妈问女儿是否害怕考试失败。Themotheraskedherdaughter____________________.答案:ifshewasafraidtofailtheexam4.这个女孩问老师,怎样才能赶上别人。Thegirlaskedherteacher________________________.答案:howshewouldkeepupwithothers5.男孩告诉父母,他已经完成了所有的作业。Theboytoldhisparents____________________________.答案:thathehadfinishedallthehomework如何写求职信文体感知求职信分为推荐信和自荐信两种,写求职信可按下列步骤进行。1.介绍消息来源介绍消息来源实际上是求职信的开篇交代句,它可使求职信显得自然、顺畅。2.表明求职心愿介绍完消息来源后,应向收信人表明自己的求职心愿,即写信的目的。3.介绍个人简历介绍个人简历主要是介绍自己有哪些长处,为什么觉得自己能胜任这个职位等。4.交代联系方式你应当提供你的通讯地址、邮政编码、电话号码、电子信箱等。5.表明感激之情无论你的请求是否能够得到满意的答复,你给用人单位写信就是给对方添了麻烦,因此你应向对方表明感激之情。增分佳句1.Ilearnedfromthenewspaper/sb.thatyourcompanywantedtohire...2.Iwastoldt