Unit8AdventureLesson4JourneytotheAntarctic重难点精讲1.Onhisway,hereceivedamessagefromtheNorwegianexplorerRoaldAmundsen...在途中,他收到一封来自挪威探险家罗纳德·阿蒙森的短信……onone'sway在路上在去……的路上,常用onone'swayto+地点名词Onthewaytoschool,LiMingfoundawalletlyingontheground.在上学的路上,李明发现地上有个钱包。注意:在回家的路上一般不用介词to,而是把home用作副词,可直接表达为:onone's/thewayhome。归纳拓展inthe/one'sway挡道,妨碍inaway某种程度上innoway一点也不;决不alltheway一路,沿途anyway不管怎样;无论如何bytheway顺便说一下onone'swayto在某人去某地途中noway没门,行不通leadtheway领路loseone'sway迷路findone'sway找到路feelone'sway摸索着前进pushone'sway挤着前进fightone'sway杀出一条路makeone'sway前进,行进【例】用带way的短语填空①________,wheredidyougo?②Hedrove________fromCanadatoMexico.③HecametoJapan________China.④Don'tget________.⑤ImetJane________.⑥Heis________gettingwell.【答案】①Bytheway②alltheway③bywayof④intheway⑤ontheway⑥onthewayto2....bothteamsorganisedfoodbasesinpreparationfortheirjourneysthenextyear.……两队人都在为下一年的探险做食物储备。(1)preparationn.准备,预备归纳拓展beinpreparation在准备中inpreparationfor作……的准备makepreparationsagainst为对付……作准备makepreparationsfor为……作准备Themeetingwillrequirealotofpreparation.会议需要大量的准备工作。Hehasnevermadeenoughpreparationsforhisexaminations.他对考试从来没有作过充分的准备。Thebookisinpreparation.那本书正在编写中。(2)preparev.preparefor为……作准备bepreparedfor对……作好准备Hewasnotpreparedforthequestionatall.他对那个问题没有一点准备。Thestudentsarepreparingforthefinalexamination.学生们正在为期末考试作准备。【例】单句语法填空Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,________(prepare)alongspeechforthepresident.【解析】现在分词作状语。句意为:秘书工作至深夜,给总统准备一篇很长的演讲稿。【答案】preparing3.Thencamethetotaldarknessofthepolarwinter.接着,漆黑的极地冬夜开始了。这是个倒装句,主语是thetotaldarknessofthepolarwinter,谓语动词为came。倒装的原因是句子主语太长,为了保持句子平衡而把谓语动词直接置于主语之前,这种倒装称为完全倒装。采用完全倒装语序的句型:1)以here等副词开头引出的完全倒装Herecomesthebus.汽车来了。Theregoesthebell.铃响了。Hereyouare.给你。拓展延伸在描述情景时,为了使景象更生动,有时把here,there,now,then,out,in,up,down,off,away等方向性副词放在句首,句子用完全倒装。此时,①句子主语必须是名词;②谓语动词通常是be,come,go,run,rush,fly,follow,fall等表示位移的不及物动词,且为一般时态;③其中的here,there不是表示地点,而是用以引起对方注意。2)以表语或状语开头引出的完全倒装有时为了强调或者为了使句子平衡或者为了使上下文连接得更加紧密;就将表语或地点状语(多为介词短语)置于句首,谓语动词也常置于主语前,构成完全倒装。AmongthepeoplewasamannamedBrown.在这些人中有一个叫布朗的人。Onthetopofthehillstandsanoldtemple.这山顶上有一座庙。3)therebe结构及其变体的完全倒装Thereisatalltreeinfrontofthehouse.这房子前面有一棵树。在therebe结构中,可以代替be的还有以下动词:live,lie,stand,appear,rise,remain,happen,come,go等。Oncetherelivedanoldfishermaninavillagebythesea.从前,在海边的一个村子里住着一个老渔夫。【例】单句语法填空Foramomentnothinghappened.Then______(come)voicesallshoutingtogether.【解析】句意:那会儿,什么都没发生。之后大家一起欢呼起来。考查特殊句式。副词then位于句首,且当句子的主语是名词时,句子用全部倒装。【答案】came4.First,histwosledgesbrokedown,andthenthehorsesbegantohaveseriousdifficultieswiththesnowandthecold.先是他的两辆雪橇坏了,后来马匹开始应付不了大雪和严寒的天气。breakdown(1)使崩溃;毁坏Wemustbreakdowntheoldcustoms.我们必须破除那些旧风俗。(2)放弃抵抗;屈服Hebrokedownandboughtanewcar.他不再坚持,买了一辆新的小轿车。(3)失效;没用了Theelevatorbrokedown.电梯出毛病了。(4)从化学上分解,使从化学上分解Chemicalsinthebodybreakdownourfoodintousefulsubstance.体内的化学物质把食物转化成有用的成分。归纳拓展breakinto/in破门而入;突然发生breakup(关系)破裂;驱散(人群)breakout(火灾、战争)突然发生breakoff折断(树枝);停止(工作)breakdown(机器)故障;(人)身体出毛病breakthrough突破(障碍);穿越……【例】单句语法填空Thecomputersystembroke________suddenlywhilehewassearchingforinformationontheInternet.【解析】句意:当他正上网搜索信息时,电脑系统突然瘫痪了。breakdown损坏,不能运转。【答案】down5.TheywereshockedwhentheysawtheNorwegianflag.但当他们看到挪威国旗时,他们感到很震惊。shockv.震惊,惊骇n.震惊,惊愕;(重击、碰撞引起的)震动归纳拓展shocksb.使某人震惊beshockedby/at被……震惊shockingadj.令人惊愕的shockedadj.吃惊的ThenewsthatTomfailedintheexamshockedus.汤姆没通过考试的消息令我们震惊。Weareshockedbywhathesaid.他的话让我们震惊。Theshockoftheexplosionwasfeltfaraway.爆炸引起的震动在很远的地方都能感觉到。Thenewswasagreatshocktous.这则消息令我们十分震惊。Wewereshockedwhenweheardtheshockingnewsthattheshiphadsunkinthestorm.当听到船在暴风雨中沉没了这个令人震惊的消息时,我们都惊呆了。【例】单句语法填空Allthepeoplepresentfelt__________(shock)atthe________(shock)news.【解析】shockingnews令人震惊的消息;feelshocked感到震惊的。【答案】shocked;shocking6.Themenweresoonexhaustedandwererunningoutoffood.队员们很快就筋疲力尽了,食品也开始短缺。runoutof用完,用尽=useup,及物动词短语runout被用完,用尽=giveout,不及物动词短语Theyhaverunoutofink.他们的墨水用完了。Theircarbonpaperisrunningout.他们的复写纸快用完了。Mypatienceisrunningout.我快要耐不住了。【例】单句语法填空(1)Withdrinkandfood________(run)outof,theprisonerhadtowalkoutofthecavewherehewashiding.(2)Allthemoneyhehad________(use)up,sohehadtomakealivingbybegging.【解析】(1)runoutof为及物动词短语,在此为过去分词短语作宾补。(2)useup为及物动词短语,意为“用完,用光”。【答案】(1)run(2)hadbeenused7.ThenexttogowasCaptainOates,whowashavinggreatdifficultywalking.下一个离开的是欧茨上校,他行走很困难。thenexttogo是针对EdgarEvanshadaterriblediseaseanddiedafterabadfall而言的,togo的含义是todie;whowashavinggreatdifficultywalking是一个非限制性定语从句,修饰CaptainOates。havedifficulty(in)doingsth.句型意为“做某事有困难”。如:IhavesomedifficultyinpronouncingsomeEnglishwords.有些英语单词我发音有困难。Icaughtabadcoldandhavedifficulty(in)breathing.我得了重感冒,喘不过气来。Withtheboyleadingtheway,wehadnodifficulty(in)findingthevillage.有这个小孩带路,我们没费劲就找到了那个村庄。归纳拓展(1)havedifficultywithsb./sth.和某人有矛盾,做某事有困难。如:Heiskindtohisworkersandneverhasanydifficultywiththem.他对工人们很好,从未和他们产生过矛盾。Mysisterhassomedifficultywithmaths.我妹妹学数学有困难。(2)difficulty前常有修饰语some/much/great/little/no等。(3)Thereisdifficulty(in)doingsth./withsth.也表示“(做)某事有困难”。(4)表示“麻烦”的trouble也可以用于以上句型。注意:havedifficulty(in)doingsth.句型中的difficulty为不可数名词,不能用复数形式。归纳拓展havetrouble(in)doingsth./withsth.haveahardtime(in)doingsth.Hehadahardtimec