2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 7 The Sea Section Ⅰ Warm-up &

你知道吗？虎鲸竟然有它们代代相传的文化。IntelligenceofkillerwhalesKillerwhales①havethesecond­heaviestbrainsamongmarinemammals(afterSpermwhales,whichhavethelargestbrainofanyanimal).Theycanbetrainedincaptivity②andareoftendescribedasintelligent,althoughdefiningandmeasuring“intelligence”isdifficultinaspecieswhoseenvironmentandbehavioralstrategiesareverydifferentfrom③thoseofhumans.Killerwhalesimitate④others,andseemtodeliberatelyteachskillstotheirkin.OfftheCrozetIslands,motherspushtheircalvesontothebeach,waitingtopulltheyoungsterbackifneeded.Peoplewhohaveinteractedcloselywithkillerwhalesoffernumerousanecdotesdemonstrating⑤thewhales'curiosity,playfulness,andabilitytosolveproblems.AlaskankillerwhaleshavenotonlylearnedhowtostealfishfromIonglines,butalsohaveovercomeavarietyof⑥techniquesdesigned⑦tostopthem,suchastheuseofunrated⑧linesasdecoys.Once,fishermenplacedtheirboatsseveralmilesapart,takingturnsretrieving⑨smallamountsoftheircatch,inthehopethatthewhaleswouldnothaveenoughtimetomovebetweenboatstostealthecatchasitwasbeingretrieved.Aresearcherdescribedwhathappenednext:Thekillerwhale'suseofdialectsandthepassingofotherlearnedbehavioursfromgenerationtogenerationhavebeendescribed⑩asaformofanimalculture.[多积词汇]①killerwhale虎鲸②captivityn．囚禁；关押③bedifferentfrom与……不同④imitatev．模仿⑤demonstratev．证明⑥avarietyof各种各样的⑦designv．设计；安排⑧unratedadj未分级的；未征税的⑨retrievev．恢复，取回⑩describev．描述[读文清障][原文呈现]VIKINGVOYAGES①TOAMERICATheVikings②werethefirstEuropeanstoreachAmerica③.Theyachieved④thislongbefore⑤Columbuseversetsail⑥.①voyage/'vɔIIdʒ/n．航海；航空②Viking/'vaIkIŋ/n．维京人，北欧海盗③名词中心词被序数词或thelast等修饰时，其后通常用动词不定式作后置定语。④achievevt.实现，到达achievementn．成就，功绩⑤longbefore很久以前beforelong不久以后⑥setsail启航SectionⅠWarm­up&Lesson1—Pre­reading[读文清障][原文呈现]⑦ancestor/'ænsεstə/n．祖先，祖宗⑧whose引导的定语从句，修饰agroupofpeople。⑨ADn．公元BCn．公元前⑩where引导的定语从句，修饰NorthernEurope。TheVikingswereagroupofpeoplewhoseancestors⑦camefromScandinavia⑧.TheycontrolledtheseasandcoastsofNorthernEuropebetweenthe8thand10thcenturiesAD⑨.Byaround900AD,thereweremanyplacesinNorthernEuropewheretheVikingschosetolive⑩.[读文清障][原文呈现]In982AD,whenamancalledErictheRed⑪decidedtosetsailfurther⑫west,therewereasmanyas10,000VikingslivinginIceland⑬.⑪过去分词作后置定语。⑫further/'fɜːðə/adv.更远，较远further是far的比较级。⑬现在分词短语作后置定语。北欧海盗航行到美洲[第1～2段译文]北欧海盗是第一批到达美洲的欧洲人。早在哥伦布启航之前，他们就已经到达那里了。北欧海盗的祖先来自斯堪的纳维亚半岛。公元8世纪到10世纪期间，他们控制着北欧海面和沿海地区。大约到公元900年，北欧很多地方都有海盗居住。公元982年，一个叫埃里克·雷德的人决定向西远航。此时，冰岛生活着多达10000名北欧海盗。[读文清障][原文呈现]Accordingto⑭theoldstoriesofIcelandandNorway，ErictheRedwasforcedtoleaveIcelandbecausehehadcommittedamurder，⑮forwhichhegotintotrouble⑯.EricreachedGreenlandanddiscoveredthatpeoplecouldliveintheplacewherehelanded.⑭accordingto根据，依照⑮forwhich引导非限制性定语从句，for表示原因，which指代先行词amurder。⑯getintotrouble陷入麻烦，陷入困境[读文清障][原文呈现]HereturnedtoIcelandandtoldpeoplethereaboutGreenland.Hepersuaded⑰somepeopletogobackwithhimtoGreenland.Ericsetsailonceagain，thistimewith25ships，ofwhichonly14madeitto⑱Greenland⑲.⑰persuade/pə'sweId/vt.说服，劝服persuadesb.todosth.＝persuadesb.intodoingsth.说服、劝服某人做某事⑱makeitto到达makeit获得成功，准时到达⑲ofwhich引导非限制性定语从句。[读文清障][原文呈现]NotlongafterErictheRedhadlandedinGreenland⑳，amancelledBiarnisetsailfromIcelandinsearchof○21Eric'sparty.BiarniwashopingtojoinhisfatherwhowaswithEric,buthewasblownoff○22course○23andfoundhimselfin○24anunknown○25land，fromwhereheeventually○26reachedGreenland○27.⑳Notlongafter此处引导时间状语从句，意为“……后不久”。○21insearchof寻找，寻求○22blowoff吹离，吹掉blowaway吹走，驱散○23coursen．航线，路线，方向○24“findoneself＋介词短语”表示“发现自己处于某种状态”。○25unknown/ˌʌn'nəʊn/adj.不知道的，未知的○26eventually/I'ventʃʊəli/adv.最终，终于○27fromwhere引导定语从句，修饰anunknownland。[第3～4段译文根据冰岛和挪威的传说，埃里克·雷德因为一起谋杀案而被迫离开冰岛。埃里克到达格陵兰岛后，发现他登陆的地方可以居住。他返回冰岛，告诉人们有关格陵兰岛的事情，并说服一些人与他一起回到了格陵兰岛。埃里克再次启航驶往格陵兰岛。这一次有25艘船与他同行，但其中只有14艘最终到达了格陵兰岛。埃里克·雷德登上格陵兰岛后不久，一个叫比阿尼的人就从冰岛起航寻找埃里克一行人。比阿尼希望找到和埃里克在一起的父亲，但是他被风吹离了航线，结果发现自己在一个不知名的地方，从那里他最终到达了格陵兰岛。[读文清障][原文呈现]Intheyear1002,whenErictheRed'ssonLeifwasplanningatripfurtherwest,BiarniwasthemanwithwhomLeifdiscussedhisplans.LeiffollowedBiarni'sdirections○28andsailedtowhatisbelievedtobe○29thecoastofpresent­day○30Canada.Hethensailedfurthersouthtoanislandwhichisnowknownas○31Newfoundland.○28followone'sdirections依照某人的指点○29bebelievedtobe被认为是○30present­day/ˌpreznt'deI/adj.当今的，现代的○31beknownas作为……而出名befamousas作为……而出名[读文清障][原文呈现]WeknowaboutErictheRedandLeif'sdeeds○32throughstorieswhichwerewrittendowncenturieslaterinNorwayandIceland.TheyarethefirstrecordswehaveofEuropeanssailing○33totheAmericas.○32deed/diːd/n．行为，行动doagooddeed做一件好事○33Europeanssailing...是动名词的复合结构。Europeans是sailing的逻辑主语。[第5～6段译文1002年，埃里克·雷德的儿子利夫打算继续向西航行，他和比阿尼一同商量他的西行计划。利夫依照比阿尼的指点，航行到据认为是现在的加拿大海岸的地方。然后他继续南行至一个现在叫纽芬兰的岛屿。我们从挪威和冰岛记载下来并流传几个世纪的故事中得知埃里克·雷德和利夫的事迹。他们是记载中最早航行到达美洲的欧洲人。根据首字母提示及英文释义写出单词1．______:alongjourneyinvolvingtravelbyseaorinspace2．________:aperson,typicallyonemoreremotethanagrandparent,fromwhomoneisdescended3．_______:beyondthepointalreadyreachedorthedistancealreadycovered4．________:tocause(someone)todosomethingthroughreasoningorargumentvoyageancestorfurtherpersuade5．_________:intheend,especiallyafteralongdelay，dispute,orseriesofproblems6．____:athingthatsb.doesthatisusuallyve