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Unit7TheSeaLesson2ProtectingtheSea重难点精讲1．overfishingn．过度捕捞Owingtooverfishing，thenumberoffishhasobviouslydecreased.由于过度捕捞，鱼的数量已经明显下降。归纳拓展over是一常见前缀，可构成名词、形容词、副词、动词等。它有“超过，过于”之意，如overwork“工作过多，劳累过度”，overburden“负担过重”，overcharge“要价过高”等；还可表示“在上面，在外部，向上”的含义，如overhang“悬垂”，overhead“在头顶”，overcoat“外衣、大衣”等。【答案】(1)byoverwork(2)overburdenedwith(3)overcharge【例】完成句子(1)她的病是由工作过度引起的。Herillnesswascaused________________．(2)超载的船只不允许起航。Theship________________cargoesshouldnotbeallowedtosetsail.(3)他们企图向我漫天要价，但我没同意。Theytriedto________me，butIdidn'tagree.2．banvt.取缔；查禁；禁止；n.禁止，禁令Smokingisbannedinthetrain.火车内禁止吸烟。归纳拓展bansth.取缔/查禁某物sb.fromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事place/put...underaban禁止……liftthebanonsth.对某物开禁prohibit/prevent/stopsb.fromdoingsth.禁止/阻止某人做某事forbidsb.todosth.禁止某人做某事doingsth.禁止做某事Weshouldbanstudentsfromsmoking.Weshouldbanstudentsfromsmoking.我们应该禁止学生吸烟。Thenewrulehasputabanonsmoking.新规定禁止吸烟。辨析：ban与forbidban官方(或舆论)对于道德上应受强烈谴责或反对的事物下令加以禁止。forbid正式用语，对象多半是与被禁止的人有直接或亲密关系，如父母、医生、主人、雇主等，带有不许做某事、必须遵从嘱咐或命令的意味。Thoughsmokingisnotbannedbythegovernment，hisfatherforbidshimtosmoke.尽管政府没有禁止吸烟，但他父亲不准他吸烟。【例】完成句子(1)没有任何一个国家应该被禁止加入联合国。Nocountryshould______________joiningtheUN.(2)政府已经下令禁止食品中添加塑化剂。Thegovernmenthas__________________addingplasticizertofood.(3)老板不准我们再提这个话题。Theboss______us______________thetopicagain.(4)政府禁止进口奢侈品。Thegovernment__________________theimportofluxuries.(5)这个地区禁止野餐。Aban____________________picnickinginthearea.【答案】(1)bebannedfrom(2)put/placedabanon(3)forbade；tomention(4)placed/putabanon(5)hasbeenplaced/puton3．Somefishmaydisappearaltogether.一些鱼也许会完全消失。altogether①adv.完全；全然It'snotaltogetherabadidea.这主意并非一无是处。We'venowstoppedmakingthisproductaltogether.我们现在已完全停产这种产品。Whathe'ssayingisnotaltogethertrue.他说的并不都是真的。②adv.总而言之；总的说来Itwilllookveryuglyandcostalotofmoney.Altogether,Idon'tliketheidea.那样会既难看又花钱。总之，我不太喜欢这主意。辨析：alltogether与altogether①作“总共”解时，它们可互换使用。Therewerealtogether/alltogether40studentsintheclass.班上共有40名学生。②alltogether还可作“一道，一起”解，不能用altogether替换。Theycamealltogether.他们一起来了。③altogether意为“完全地，彻底地，总计，总而言之”，不可与alltogether互换，用于否定句时是部分否定。【答案】altogether改为alltogetherIt'saltogetheroutofthequestion.那是完全不可能的。Idon'taltogetheragreewithyou.我并不完全同意你的意见。【例】改错Idon'tthinkweshouldleavealtogether.________4．Somegovernmentdepartmentsaretryingtodealwiththesituation.一些政府部门正试图处理这种情形。dealwith①做买卖We'vebeendealingwithMr.Wangformanyyears.我们与王先生做了多年生意。②对付Thepersonishardtodealwith.这个人很难对付。③处理，安排He'sabletodealwithallkindsoftroublesomecases.他能处理各种棘手的问题。④论述，涉及ThatbookdealswithAsianproblems.那本书论述亚洲问题。注意：how通常与dealwith连用，what通常与dowith连用。Howcanwedealwiththisproblem？(＝Whatcanwedowiththisproblem？)我们如何解决这一问题？【例】单句语法填空LastsummerItookacourseon____________todealwithpoisonousgases.【解析】句意：去年夏天我参加了如何防治毒气的培训。注意固定搭配how...dealwith和what...dowith。【答案】how5．makealiving谋生Theblindmanmakesalivingbybegging.那个盲人靠讨饭为生。makealiving还可用earn/gain/getone'saliving替换。归纳拓展makeaface做鬼脸makeapromise答应makeafire生火makeanoise吵闹makealaw制定法律makeaspeech发言makeanote记笔记makeareply回复makeanapology道歉makeadiscovery发现makeadecision作出决定makeaplan(for)制定计划makeamistake出错，犯错误【答案】(1)mistake(2)noises(3)fire【例】用适当的名词填空(1)Everyonewillmakea________inlife.(2)Somechildrenaremaking________soIcan'tfocusonmystudy.(3)Towarmthehouse,hemadea________．6．Howwillyoupresentyourproject？你将怎样演示你的方案？(1)presentvt.讲演、演示；描述、呈现TheexhibitionpresentedapictureofgeneralprosperityinChina'seconomy.展览会展示了中国经济一片欣欣向荣的景象。归纳拓展present的其他动词词义及相关词组：①呈现presentsth.tosb.向某人呈现某物②赠送presentsb.withsth./presentsth.tosb.赠送某人某物③介绍present...to...把……介绍给……(尤指向级别、地位等较高的人)I'dliketopresentmyreporttoyouall.我愿意把我的报告呈现给大家。Thegeneralpresentedmewithaspecialgun.将军送给我一把特殊的枪。IwaspresentedtotheQueenin1969.我于1969年被引荐给了女王。(2)present可用作名词presentn．①礼物②目前，现在atpresent目前，现在forthepresent暂时【例】单句语法填空(1)Theheadmasterpresentedthebooks________thestudents.(2)________present,itisverycoldoutside.(3)ChildrenlikeChristmas________(present)．【答案】(1)to(2)At(3)presents7．Taketurnstotelleachotheraboutyourprojects.轮流互相说出自己的课题。taketurnstodosth.轮流做某事Thethreebrotherstookturnstolookaftertheirsickmother.这兄弟三人轮流照看生病的母亲。归纳拓展It'sone'sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事inturn依次；反过来takeone'sturn依次，轮到某人byturns轮流，交替inreturn作为回报It'syourturntomakeaspeech.Itwilldevelopyourconfidenceinturn.轮到你发言了。这会反过来培养你的信心。Theselittleboysplayedthegamebyturns.这些小男孩轮流玩游戏。【例】汉译英(1)轮到我们打扫教室了。________________________________________________________________________(2)这三人轮流开车。________________________________________________________________________(3)所有学生依次发言。________________________________________________________________________【答案】(1)It'sourturntocleantheclassroom.(2)Thethreementookturnstodrive.(3)Allthestudentsspeakinturn.8．...oftenit'squitedifficulttofindwho'sresponsibleforpollution.……通常很难发现谁该为污染负责。it作形式主语当句子的主语是不定式、动名词短语或that引导的主语从句时，为了避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语后移。①itis＋adj.＋(forsb.)todosth.此句式中的形容词往往用来说明不定式所表示的行为的性质或特点。常用形容词有：difficult，important，necessary，possible，easy等。②Itis＋adj.＋(ofsb.)todosth.此句式中的形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的品行、性格、性质等。常用的形容词有：nice，good，silly，kind，careful等。③Itisnouse/gooddoingsth.做……是没用/没好处的a．ItisnecessaryforustolearnEnglish.对我们来说学英语是必要的。b．Itiskindofyo