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SectionⅢGrammar—非限制性定语从句语法图解探究发现用适当的连接词填空1．XieLei,is21yearsold,hascometoouruniversitytostudyforabusinessqualification.2．Sheishalfwaythroughthepreparationyear,mostforeignstudentscompletebeforeapplyingforadegreecourse.3．Youhavetogetusedtoawholenewwayoflife,cantakeupallyourconcentrationinthebeginning.4．Livingwithhostfamilies,intheremaybeothercollegestudents,givesherthechancetolearnmoreaboutthenewculture.whowhichwhichwhich5．HewantedtoknowwhatIthought,confusedmebecauseIthoughtthattheauthorofthearticleknewfarmorethanIdid.[我的发现](1)以上句子皆为定语从句，从句与主句之间用逗号隔开。(2)非限制性定语从句可以置于主句之中(如句1)，前后有隔开，也可以置于主句之后(如句2、3、4、5)。(3)非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是指人或指物的某一名词(如句1、2、3、4)，也可指代整个的内容(如句5)。which非限制性逗号主句一、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词关系词先行词在定语从句中作的成分who人主语whom人宾语which物/整个主句主语/宾语whose(＝ofwhom或ofwhich)人/物定语关系代词as人/物/整个主句主语/宾语when时间名词时间状语关系副词where通常是地点名词地点状语Mr.Lee,whogaveusaspeechyesterday,teachesinBeijingUniversity.昨天给我们作报告的李先生在北京大学教书。(作主语，不可换成that)XiaoWang,whomtheyoftentalkabout,isgoingtoAmericanextmonth.他们经常谈到的那个小王下个月要去美国。(宾语)Icongratulatemyneighbour,whosesonhasjustwontheelection.我祝贺我的邻居，他的儿子刚刚赢得选举。(定语)Wewillputofftheoutinguntilnextweek,whenwewon'tbesobusy.我们把郊游推迟到下星期，那时我们就不会这么忙了。(时间状语)SheisgoingtospendthesummerholidayinTsingtao，whereshehassomerelatives.她准备到青岛过暑假，在那儿她有一些亲戚。(地点状语)Theearthgoesaroundthesun,asweallknow.众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。(宾语)即时演练1用非限制性定语从句合并句子①TheyareallmakingajourneytoTibet.Ihavebeentherethreetimes.→____________________________________________________________②Theygaveusmanybooks.Thereismuchinformationweneedinthem.→_______________________________________________________________③Hehasthreesons.Twoofthemaredoctors.→______________________________________TheyareallmakingajourneytoTibet,whereIhavebeenthreetimes.Theygaveusmanybooks,inwhichthereismuchinformationweneed.Hehasthreesons,twoofwhomaredoctors.④HeisfromEngland.Everyonehereknowsthat.→____________________________________________⑤Marywaslateforclassagain.Thatmadeherteacherveryangry.→_______________________________________________________HeisfromEngland,asisknowntoeveryonehere.Marywaslateforclassagain,whichmadeherteacherveryangry.二、as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别关系词aswhich指代指代整个主句所表达的内容既可指代整个主句所表达的内容，又可指代主句的一部分位置可位于主句之前、之中或之后引导的从句不能位于主句之前意义常用来表示说话人对于某事的态度、解释或评论等，含有“正如……”的意思一般表示某事的状况或结果Asisannouncedintoday'snewspaper,wemustimproveourstyleofwork.正如今天的报纸上说的，我们必须改进工作作风。(as引导非限制性定语从句，代指后句wemustimproveourstyleofwork)China,asweallknow,belongstothedevelopingcountry.众所周知，中国属于发展中国家。(as引导非限制性定语从句，代指整句意思)Itrainedhardyesterday,whichpreventedmefromgoingtothepark.昨天雨下得很大，这阻止了我去公园。(which引导非限制性定语从句，代指前句Itrainedhardyesterday)[点津]as引导的定语从句，常用在一些固定结构中：asisknowntoall众所周知ashasbeensaidbefore如前所说asisoftenthecase情况常常如此ashasbeenpointedout正如已经指出的那样asoftenhappens这种情况常常发生即时演练2选词填空：as,which①wehadexpected,Tompassedthedrivingtest.②Globalwarming,weallknow,hascausedalotofnaturaldisasters.③Tompassedtheexam,madehisparentsveryhappy.④Hesaidthathehadneverseenherbefore,wasnottrue.Asaswhichwhich三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的比较限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，是对先行词的修饰限定，不能删去是对先行词的补充说明，删去后意思仍完整译法上翻译成先行词的定语，“……的”Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolen.他就是汽车被盗的那个人。通常翻译成主句的并列句。I'veinvitedJim,wholivesinthenextflat.我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。关系词的使用上(1)作宾语时可省略(2)可用that(3)可用who代替whom(4)可用why(1)作宾语时不可省略(2)不用that(3)一般不用who代替whom(4)不用why(用forwhich替代)Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,liesinthecentreofthecity.那套房子位于市中心，是我们上个月买的。(非限制性定语从句，不表明有多少套房子)Thehousewhich/thatweboughtlastmonthliesinthecentreofthecity.我们上个月买的那套房子位于市中心。(限制性定语从句，暗含“可能有若干套房子”之意)即时演练33－1.单句改错①Thebook,thathelostyesterday,hasbeenfound.②Peter,whoyoumetinLondon,isnowbackinParis.③Ihadtoldthemthereason,whyIdidn'tattendthemeeting._____________that→whichwho→whomwhy→forwhich3－2.翻译句子④他住在北京，从这里到那儿有5个小时的车程。____________________________________________________⑤他们居住的城市正在发生巨大变化。___________________________________________________________四、“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句该结构中，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which，不可以用that；关系代词在从句中作定语时用whose。HelivesinBeijing,whichisaboutfivehours'ridefromhere.Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecity(which/that)theylivein.Couldyoulendmeapen,withwhichIwanttofillinthisform?你能借我一支填写这个表格的钢笔吗？Thefamily,atwhosehouseIstayed,arefriendsofmyfather's.那家人是我父亲的朋友，我在他们家住过。Iboughtagreatmanybooks,onwhichIspentallmymoneythatIsaved.我买了很多书，这些书花光了我所有的积蓄。[点津]介词的选择：(1)根据与从句中的动词、形容词或名词所构成的固定短语来确定。(2)根据与先行词的搭配来确定。(3)根据整个句意来确定。即时演练4用适当的关系词或介词填空①Itoldthemthereason,forIdidn'tattendthepartylastweek.②Therearevarietiesofwayswhichwecansolvethisproblem.③Elevenpeoplegotkilledintheaccident,oftheidentitieshaven'tbeenavailable.④Withthefastdevelopmentofagriculture,thepeople,in_____villageshetaught10yearsago,havelivedahappylife.⑤Thepolicearrived,whichthesituationbecamecalmer.whichinwhomwhoseafter[链接高考]用适当的关系词填空1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Theexhibition,thethemeofis“beautyofChina”，willtakeplaceintheschoolhallfrom2to5ontheafternoonofJune21.3．(2016·天津高考改编)Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,theweathermaybebetter.whichwhichwhen4．(2016·浙江高考改编)Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesa