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Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernheroSectionⅣGrammar定语从句(Ⅱ)1．(教材P34)Thetime_____IfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.2．(教材P34)Itwasin1952andMandelawastheblacklawyerto_____Iwentforadvice.3．(教材P34)Hewasgenerouswithhistime,for______Iwasgrateful.whenwhomwhich4．(教材P34)However,thiswasatime_____onehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg.5．(教材P34)Theday_____NelsonMandelahelpedmewasoneofmyhappiest.6．(教材P34)...untiltodaywehavereachedastage______wehavealmostnorightsatall.7．(教材P34)Theplacesoutsidethetowns______theyweresenttolivewerethepoorestpartsofSouthAfrica.8．(教材P34)...wewereputintoapositionin______wehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant,orfightthegovernment.whenwhenwherewherewhich关系副词的指代及功能关系副词先行词功能when表示时间的名词时间状语where表示地点的名词地点状语whyreason原因状语关系副词引导的定语从句1.关系副词when引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。◆IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirsttravelledbyplane.我仍然记得我第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。◆Wewillneverforgettheyearwhenthe29thOlympicGameswereheldinBeijing.我们将永远不会忘记第29届奥运会在北京举办的那一年。2．关系副词where引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示地点或抽象地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。◆I’dliketoliveinthehousewherethereisplentyofsunshine.我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里。◆ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.我十年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了。3．关系副词why引导定语从句时，先行词常常为reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语。◆Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tturntohisgoodfriendforhelpyesterday.我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。◆Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyoudidn’tcometohisbirthdayparty?你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则应用关系代词。试比较：◆Doyourememberthedayswhenwechattedwitheachotherallnight？你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作状语)◆Doyourememberthedaysthat/whichwespenttogetheronthefarm？你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that或which在从句中作spent的宾语)◆Thereasonwhy/forwhichyoufailedwasthatyouhadnotfollowedyourmother’sadvice.你失败的原因是你没有听你母亲的忠告。(定语从句中缺少状语，所以用why或forwhich,why作原因状语)◆Iwon’tlistentothereasonthat/whichyouhavegivenus.我坚决不听你给我们提供的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用that/which，不用why)【即时演练1】——对比填空：that,which,when,where,why①Iwillneverforgetthedays___________wespenttogether.②Iwillneverforgetthedays_____westayedtogether.③Thereason___________heexplainedatthemeetingwasnotsound.④Thereason____hewaslatewasthathemissedhistrain.⑤Keepthebookinaplace______youcanfinditeasily.⑥Thisisthehouse___________wasbuiltbymygrandfatherfortyyearsago.that/whichwhenthat/whichwhywherewhich/that当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”；关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句选用介词的依据：1．根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。◆YesterdaywevisitedtheWestLakeforwhichHangzhouisfamous.昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因其而出名。(befamousfor因……而出名)2．根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。◆Thisisthecamerawithwhichheoftentakesphotos.这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(withcamera用照相机)◆Theoldwomanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowisafamousartist.刚才和你们说话的老太太是一个著名的艺术家。(talkwithsb.和某人谈话)3．根据句子的意思来选择。◆Mycomputer,withoutwhichIcan’tsurftheInternet，brokedownyesterday.昨天我的电脑坏了，没有它我不能网上冲浪。4．表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。◆Ihavetenbooks,halfofwhichwerewrittenbyMoYan.我有10本书，其中一半是莫言写的。◆Theoldmanhastwosons,bothofwhomarelawyers.这位老人有两个儿子，他们都是律师。在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如lookafter,lookfor等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。◆Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.(正)◆Thebabiesafterwhomthenursesarelookingareveryhealthy.(误)【即时演练2】——关系词或介词填空①Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothof______havebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.②Thegirlto_____youspokejustnowisourEnglishteacher.③Thedaywillcome___whichwewillwinthefinalvictory.④Thewoman_____whomyoushookhandsjustnowisheadofourcompany.⑤Thedeathofhissonwasanexperience_____whichheneverfullyrecovered.whichwhomonwithfromⅠ单句语法填空1．Iwillneverforgetthedays_____westayedinAustralia.2．Wevisitedthehouse______thefamousscientistoncelived.3．Thereason____Johnchangedhismindisnotclear.4．Thechild______________thenursesarelookingafterisverywellnow.5．Imisstheapartment______Iusedtolive.whenwherewhywho/whom/thatwhere6．Itwasaperiod_____theymetveryfrequently.7．WhenIarrived,myfriendtookmetoseethehouse______Iwouldbestaying.8．Wehavecometoapoint______everyonehasdifferentopinionsanditisdifficulttoreachanagreement.9．Bobisnowinaposition______hehasnomoremoneytopayhisrent.10．Oneofthereasons____hewasrefusedintheinterviewwasthathisspokenEnglishwasterrible.whenwherewherewherewhy11．Thereason______hegaveuphiswellpaidjobisn’tknowntous.12．I’llneverforgetthetime___________wespenttogetherinthearmycamp.13．I’llneverforgettheday_____IjoinedtheLeague.14．MissLiuisanexcellentteacherfrom_______Ihavelearnedalot.15．TheSmithshavetwochildren,bothof_______workinNewYork.whythat/whichwhenwhomwhomⅡ单句改错1．Wetookmanyphotosintheshopwherewewereinterestedinforalongtime.______________________2.JackistheonlyclassmatetothatIamveryclose.____________3．Whydidyouputyourselfinapositionwhichyouhadnorightsatall？____________________________4.I’mnotinterestedinthesubjectonthattheyaredoingaresearchnow.________________5．IwanttohaveafriendwithwhichIcansharemyjoyandsadness.________________where→which/thatthat→whomwhich→where或在which前加inthat→whichwhich→whom6．Doyoustillrememberthedayswhenwespenttogetheronthefarm？_________________________________7．Idon’tknowthereasonwhichheleftthecompanywithoutsayingaword.____________________________