2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors Sect

ThegroupofcavesatMogaorepresents①auniqueartisticachievement.Morethan2,000sculptureswerecarvedoutoftherockwalls,thencoveredwithclayandpainted.Thereareabout45,000m2ofmurals②amongwhicharemanymasterpieces③ofChineseart.Inthedesertlandscapeoftheextremenorth­westofGansuProvincearethecliffsofMogao,whichformtheeasternedgeofMountMingsha.Withinthecliffsarethe492naturalcellsandrocktemples.Theyextendover1,600mandmakeupthefamousCavesofaThousandBuddhas(Qian­fodong)．Accordingtoaninscription④，BuddhistmonksfirstbegantoworkonthecavesofMogaoinAD366,whereasthestateofficiallyrecognizedBuddhismasareligiononlyin444.Themajorityofthecellsandtempleswereconstructed⑤，however,fromthe5thcenturyupthroughthe14thcentury,whentheregionbegantodecline.TheMogaocavesarecloselyassociatedwiththehistoryofthespreadofBuddhismacrossAsia.BeingsostronglylinkedwiththehistoryofChina,theysetupacollectionofBuddhistartwithpaintingsandsculpturesoveraperiodofathousandyears.Moreover,sincetheywerestilloccupiedby⑥Buddhistmonksfromtheendofthe19thcenturyuntil1930,therock­artensemble⑦atMogao,administered⑧bytheDunhuangCulturalRelicsResearchInstitute,preservestheexampleofatraditionalsettlementofmonks.[多积词汇]①representv．呈现；代表②muraln.壁画③masterpiecen.杰作④inscriptionn.(石头或金属上)刻写的文字；碑文⑤constructv.建造；建设⑥beoccupiedby被占据；被占领⑦ensemblen.全体；整体⑧administerv.管理；执行[读文清障][原文呈现]AVISITTOTHEZHOUKOUDIANCAVESAgroupofstudents(S)fromEnglandhascometotheZhoukoudiancavesforavisit.Anarchaeologist①(A)isshowingthemround②.①archaeologist/ˌɑːkI'ɒlədʒIst/n.考古学家(美archeologist)②showsb.round带领某人参观SectionⅠWarmingUp&Reading—Pre­reading[读文清障][原文呈现]A：WelcometotheZhoukoudiancaveshereinChina.ItisagreatpleasuretomeetyoustudentsfromEngland,whoareinterestedinarchaeology③.Youmustbeawarethat④it'sherethatwefoundevidence⑤ofsomeoftheearliestpeoplewholivedinthispartoftheworld.We'vebeenexcavating⑥hereformanyyearsand...③archaeology/ˌɑːkI'ɒlədʒI/n.考古学(美archeology)④be/becomeawarethat...意识到/认识到……⑤evidencen．证据；证明⑥excavate/'ekskəveIt/vt.挖掘；发掘周口店洞穴参观记一群英国学生(学)来到周口店洞穴参观，一位考古学家(考)正领着他们参观。考：欢迎到中国来参观周口店洞穴。很高兴见到你们这些来自英国并且对考古学感兴趣的学生。你们想必都很清楚，正是在这个地方，我们找到了居住在世界上这个地区的最早人类的证据。我们在这儿进行挖掘工作已经很多年了，而且……[读文清障][原文呈现]S1：I'msorrytointerrupt⑦youbuthowcouldtheylivehere?Thereareonlyrocksandtrees.A：Goodquestion.Youareanacute⑧observer.Wehavefoundhumanandanimalbonesinthosecaveshigherupthehillaswellas⑨toolsandotherobjects.Sowethinkitisreasonabletoassume⑩theylivedinthesecaves,regardlessof⑪thecold⑫.⑦interrupt/ˌIntə'rʌpt/vt.&vi.打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止⑧acute/ə'kjuːt/adj.有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；深刻的此处在句中表示“观察力敏锐的”。⑨aswellas“也；又”，连接并列成分。⑩assume/ə'sjuːm/vt.假定；设想⑪regardlessof不管；不顾；不理会⑫在itisreasonabletoassume...中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是toassume...[读文清障][原文呈现]⑬mat/mæt/n.席子；垫子⑭quilt/kwIlt/n．被子；棉被⑮musthavedone意为“一定……，肯定……”，表示对过去情况的肯定推测。⑯makefires生火⑰keepthemwarm是“keep＋宾语＋adj.(宾补)”结构。S2：Howdidtheykeepwarm?Theycouldn'thavemats⑬，blanketsorquilts⑭likewedo.Itmusthavebeen⑮veryuncomfortable.A：We'vediscoveredfireplacesinthecentreofthecaveswheretheymadefires⑯.Thatwouldhavekeptthemwarm⑰，[读文清障][原文呈现]⑱beast/biːst/n.野兽⑲scare...away把……吓跑⑳aswell还；也，用于肯定句句尾。○21keepout阻挡○22freezingwinter寒冷的冬天cookedthefoodandscaredwildbeasts⑱away⑲aswell⑳.Wehavebeenexcavatinglayersofashalmostsixmetresthick,whichsuggeststhattheymighthavekeptthefireburningallwinter.Wehaven'tfoundanydoorsbutwethinktheymighthavehunganimalskinsatthecavemouthtokeepout○21thecoldduringthefreezingwinter○22.学1：对不起，打断一下你的讲话。但他们怎么能住在这个地方呢？这儿只有石头和树木啊。考：问得好。你是个敏锐的观察者。在高山上的那些洞穴里我们找到了人骨和兽骨，还有工具和其他物品。因此我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。学2：那他们是怎样取暖的呢？他们不可能像我们现在这样有垫子、毯子和被子。想必是很不舒服的了。考：我们发现在洞穴中央有生火用的地炉。他们用地炉里的火来取暖、做饭，还可以用火来吓跑野兽。我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚。这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火。我们还没有找到门，但我们认为在天寒地冻的冬季他们可能是用兽皮挂在洞口来防寒的。[读文清障][原文呈现]○23havebeenfinding是现在完成进行时。○24...whatdoyouthinkthistellsusabout...？是复杂的特殊疑问句，其构成形式为：wh­/how＋doyouthink＋宾语从句。doyouthink作插入语，其后宾语从句用陈述语序。除think外，可用于此句式的动词还有believe,suppose,imagine,expect,guess等。S2：Gosh!That’saneedle.Goodness,doesthatmeantheyrepairedthings?S3：Whatwildanimalswerethereallthattimeago?A：Well,we'vebeenfinding○23thebonesoftigersandbearsinthecaves,andwethinktheseweretheirmostdangerousenemies.Nowwhatdoyouthinkthistellsusaboutthelifeoftheseearlypeople○24？(showspictureofasewingneedle)S2：Gosh!That'saneedle.Goodness,doesthatmeantheyrepairedthings?[读文清障][原文呈现]○25beusedfor...被用来……○26at(the)most至多；最多○27centimetre/'sentIˌmiːtə/n.厘米(美centimeter)○28wondervt.&vi.想知道；感到诧异n．惊奇；奇迹；奇观A：Whatelsedoyouthinkitmighthavebeenusedfor○25？S4：Letmelookatit.It'satmost○26threecentimetres○27long.Ahyes,itseemstobemadeofbone.Iwonder○28howtheymadetheholeforthe...[读文清障][原文呈现]○29entirelyadv.完全地；全部地○30过去分词短语madeentirelyofanimalskins作后置定语，修饰clothes。S2：(interrupting)Doyoumeanthattheymadetheirownclothes?Wheredidtheygetthematerial?A：Theydidn'thavemateriallikewehavetoday.Canyouguesswhattheyused?S1：Wow!Didtheywearclothesmadeentirely○29ofanimalskins○30？Howdidtheypreparethem?I'msuretheywerequiteheavytocutandsewtogether.学3：在那以前有些什么野兽呢？考：嗯，我们在洞里陆续发现老虎和熊的骨头。我们认为，这些野兽对他们来讲是最危险的敌人了。现在，你们看这个东西能告诉我们有关早期人类生活的什么情况呢？(指着一张画有针线的照片让大家看)学2：哎呀！那是一根针。天哪，难道他们还会修补东西吗？考：除此之外，你们认为它还可能有别的什么用处吗？学4：让我看看。这个东西最多三厘米长，噢，它看起来像