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Period3LearningaboutLanguage观察并研究下列句子，写出画线单词引导何种从句。①Thethoughtthattheycouldcrossthewholecontinentwasexciting.()②SomepeoplehavetheideathatyoucancrossCanadainlessthanfivedays,buttheyforgetthefactthatCanadais5,500kilometresfromcoasttocoast.()③ThegirlsweresurprisedatthefactthatoceanshipscansailuptheGreatLakes.()【答案】①同位语从句②同位语从句③同位语从句名词性从句(Ⅲ)一、基础点拨(一)定义在复合句中，跟在一个名词后对其做进一步解释说明的从句叫做同位语从句。(二)可接同位语从句的名词同位语从句说明的名词大多是抽象名词，同位语从句的作用便是对这种包含抽象意义的名词进行解释说明。常见的可接同位语从句的名词有：news，fact，idea，hope，thought，order，belief，doubt，message，promise，question，reply，suggestion，advice等。(三)同位语从句的引导词及其功能引导词功能连接词that/whether引导从句，但在从句中不作成分，不能省略。that无意义；whether有“是否”之意连接代词what，which，who，whom，whose引导从句，在从句中充当主语、宾语和表语连接副词when，where，how，why引导从句，在从句中充当状语Thevainmanalwayshastheideathatheshouldcontroleverything.(that引导同位语从句，从句意义完整)这个自负的人总是认为他应该控制一切。同位语从句的位置：同位语从句一般跟在所说明或解释的名词后面。但有时也可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。Thenewscamefinallythatthenationalteamhadwonthegame.国家队赢得比赛的消息终于传来了。(that引导同位语从句，修饰thenews，被came和finally隔开)二、难点突破(一)学习同位语从句应注意的问题1．表达“是否”的概念时，一般用whether不用if引导同位语从句。Shewasindoubtwhethershewasright.她对她是否正确拿不准。2．当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置，构成分隔式同位语从句。Wordcamethatthenovelhitthewholecountryinstantly.有消息传来，这本小说瞬间轰动全国。3．在某些名词后的同位语从句中，其谓语动词应用虚拟语气形式，即(should＋)动词原形。常见的这类名词有insistence(坚持)，order(命令)，demand(要求)，advice(建议)，proposal(建议)，request(请求)。Shemadearequestthatweshouldhelpher.她恳求我们帮她的忙。(二)定语从句与同位语从句的区别1．定语从句中的that和同位语从句中的that的区别：定语从句中的that关系代词，三大作用：①连接主句与从句②指代先行词③在从句中作成分(主语、宾语或表语)同位语从句中的that连接词，不作成分，无意义，只起连接作用Theyheardthenewsontheradioyesterdaythatatyphoonwascoming.昨天他们从收音机里听到台风要来的消息。(that引导的是同位语从句，that在从句中不作成分，无意义，只起连接作用)Sheboughtthebookthatshehadbeendreamingof.她把她一直梦想的那本书买回来了。(that引导的是定语从句，that连接主从句，指代先行词thebook；在从句中作宾语)2．定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是对先行词进行修饰或限定，不可去掉先行词；而同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行进一步解释说明，去掉先行词句子仍然正确。Theinformationthattheygotyesterdayhasnouse.他们昨天得到的信息没什么用处。(画线部分为定语从句，去掉先行词theinformation后剩下的句子不正确)Wehavereceivedtheinformationthattheymayhaveleftthecountry.我们已经得到消息，他们可能已经离开了这个国家。(画线部分为同位语从句，如果去掉theinformation，剩下的仍然是个正确的句子。)3．同位语从句对应的名词一般为抽象名词；而定语从句的先行词没有这方面的限制。ThedecisionwhentheywillleaveforBeijinghasn'tbeenmade.将何时动身去北京，他们还没有做出决定。(when引导同位语从句，decision是抽象名词)Ⅰ.语法填空1．Wearefacedwithaproblem________wehavenotenoughnaturalresources.2．Wehavenoideaatall________hehasgone.3．Theexpertsinmedicinearetryingtoreducepeople'sfear________H7N9isfrightening.4．Thestudentshavegotamessage________therewillbeexaminationsattheweekend.5．Theordercame________thesoldiers________(leave)thesmallvillagethenextmorning.6．Thebelief________peoplefinditmoreconvenienttoshoponline________(prove)intheresearch.7．Thereisastrongprobability________Mr.Brownwillbepromotednextweek.8．Thereissomedoubtamongpeople________$749istoomuchforaniPhone6.9．Finallytheyfoundoutthetruth________theirsocalled(所谓的)bosshadgoneabroadwithalltheirmoney.10．Weexpressedthehope________theywouldcomeandvisitourhometownagain.【答案】1.that2.where3.that4.that5.that;(should)leave6.that;wasproved7.that8.whether9.that10．thatⅡ.单句改错1．Ourteamhaswonthegame,thatmadeusveryhappy.()2．I'vecomewithamessagefromMr.Wanghowhewon'tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.()3．Hemustanswerthequestionifheagreeswithwhatshesaidornot.()4．I'vereadthebookwhereyougavemethedaybeforeyesterday.()5．Oneofthemenheldtheopinionwhenwhatthebooksaidwasright.()6．Thenewswhatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.()7．Dadmadeapromisewhichhewouldbuyhischildrengifts.()8．Itisaquestionwhathedidit.()【答案】1.that→which2.how→that3.if→whether4．where→that/which或去掉where5.when→that6．what→that/which或去掉what7.which→that8．what→how