2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 4 Pygmalion Section Ⅲ Grammar

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SectionⅢGrammar—过去分词(短语)作状语语法图解探究发现①Nowoncetaughtbyme,she'dbecomeanupperclasslady...②But,sir,(proudly)onceeducatedtospeakproperly,thatgirlcouldpassherselfoffinthreemonthsasaduchessatanambassador'sgardenparty.③Althoughwoundedallover,thebravesoldierscontinuedtofight.④Lostintheforest,youshouldfirstofallremainwhereyouare,waitingforhelptocome.⑤Seriouslyinjured,hehadtobetakentohospital.⑥Followedbyhiswolf­dog,thehunterwalkedslowlyintheforest.⑦Hewasfoundlyingontheground,hishandstied.[我的发现](1)句①~⑥中的过去分词分别在句中作状语、状语、状语、状语、状语和状语。(2)过去分词表示或的动作。作状语时,可以单独使用,如句④、句⑤、句⑥;也可以在其前面加上适当的,如句①、句②和句③。(3)过去分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致,如果不一致,我们常在过去分词前加上其逻辑主语,构成,如句⑦。条件条件让步时间原因方式被动已经完成连词独立主格结构过去分词作状语可以在句子中表示条件、原因、时间、伴随、方式、让步等。1.作时间状语,可以转换为when,while或after等引导的状语从句。Whencompleted(=Whenitiscompleted),thelibrarywillbeopentothepublicnextyear.图书馆修建完工后,将于明年向公众开放。一、过去分词作状语的句法功能Havingbeenshownaround(=Afterwewereshownaround)thelibrary,wecametotheclassroombuilding.参观了图书馆后,我们来到了教学楼前。2.作条件状语,可以转换为if,once或unless等引导的状语从句。United(=Ifweareunited),wewillstand;divided(=ifwearedivided),wewillfall.团结胜利,分裂失败。3.作原因状语,可转换为as,since或because等引导的状语从句。Encouraged(=Asheisencouraged)bytheprogresshehadmade,heworksharder.由于受到所取得进步的鼓舞,他工作更努力了。4.作让步状语,可转换为although,though或evenif等引导的状语从句。Exhausted(=Althoughwewereexhausted)bytheclimb,wecontinuedourjourney.尽管爬山(之后)筋疲力尽,我们仍然继续我们的行程。5.作方式状语,如果有连词asif,就转换为asif引导的方式状语从句;若无连词则转换为并列结构。Hebegantocryasifbittenbyasnake(=asifhewasbittenbyasnake).他开始哭了起来,就像被蛇咬了似的。6.作伴随状语,一般转换为并列结构。Thepopstarhurrieduptohercar,followedbyherfans(=andshewasfollowedbyherfans).那个明星匆忙走向自己的车,后面跟着她的粉丝。[点津]过去分词作时间、条件或让步状语时,为了明确其意义有时可在分词前加上when,while,if,once,unless,although等连词,相当于状语从句的省略。Althoughpublished(=Althoughthebookhasbeenpublished)manytimes,thebookstillsellswellinthemarket.虽然这本书已发行过很多次,但这本书的市场销售量仍然很好。Oncevisited(=Oncethecityisvisited),thecitywillneverbeforgotten.一旦你参观了这个城市,你就永远不会忘记它。即时演练1句型转换①Ifweareunited,wewillmakeourlifebetter.→,wewillmakeourlifebetter.②Becauseshewasfrightened,sheaskedmetogowithher.→,sheaskedmetogowithher.FrightenedUnited③Whenitisseenfromthetopofthehill,theparklooksmorebeautiful.→fromthetopofthehill,theparklooksmorebeautiful.④Hestoodtheresilently,andhewasmovedtotears.→Hestoodtheresilently,.tearsSeenmovedto过去分词(短语)作状语时,过去分词(短语)的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语,否则,分词(短语)前应加上自己的主语。这种带有自身主语的过去分词(短语)被称为过去分词(短语)的独立结构。过去分词(短语)的独立结构通常在句中作状语,可表示时间、原因、条件等。二、过去分词(短语)的独立结构Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.考试结束了,我们开始放假了。ThebookwritteninsimpleEnglish,itwillbemorepopular.这本书如果用简易英语写的话,将会更流行。比较下面两个句子中的逻辑主语:Moretimegiven,weshouldhavedoneitmuchbetter.(独立主格)Givenmoretime,weshouldhavedoneitmuchbetter.(过去分词作状语)即时演练2用独立结构完成句子①___________________(所有的人都坐好了),thespeakerbegantogivehisspeech.②Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,__________________________(天气允许的话).③Thechildrenwenthomefromschool,_____________________________(他们一天的功课已经完成了).theirlessonsfinishedforthedayAllthepeopleseatedweatherpermitting[点津]过去分词作状语时应注意的几个问题1.过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语,此时应注意人称一致。试比较:Movedbythestory,tearscametohereyes.(F)tears不是move的逻辑主语,故此句不正确。Movedbythestory,sheburstintotears.(T)she是move的逻辑主语,且与move之间是被动关系。故此句正确。2.有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表示被动而表示状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有:lost(迷路);seated(坐);hidden(躲);stationed(驻扎);lost/absorbedin(沉溺于);bornin(出身于);dressedin(穿着);tiredof(厌烦)等。Lost/Absorbedindeepthought,hedidn'tnoticeusenteringtheroom.因为陷于思考之中,所以他没有注意到我们进入房间。Tiredofthespeech,heleftwithoutsayingaword.厌倦了这个演讲,他一句话没说就离开了。[链接高考]单句语法填空1.(2018·北京高考改编)Ordinarysoap,(use)correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.解析:句意:普通的肥皂,如果使用得当,能有效地处理细菌。分析句子结构可知,此处是条件状语从句ifitisusedcorrectly的省略,省略了ifitis,Ordinarysoap与use之间为逻辑上的被动关系。used2.(2016·北京高考改编)(order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.解析:句意:这些书是一个多星期以前订购的,现在有望随时到货。句中thebooks与order之间是被动关系,应用过去分词表被动,故填Ordered。Ordered3.(2015·天津高考改编)(absorb)inpainting,Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.解析:句意:由于专心绘画,约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。beabsorbedin“专心于”,此处用过去分词短语作原因状语。故填Absorbed。Absorbed4.(2015·重庆高考改编)(raise)inthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.解析:句意:因为他是在格拉斯哥最贫穷的地区被抚养大的,所以他走了一段很长很艰辛的路才成为一位足球明星。句子的主语he和raise之间是被动关系,用过去分词表被动,过去分词短语在句中作原因状语。故填Raised。Raised5.(2015·四川高考改编)LittleTomsat(amaze)watchingthemonkeydancinginfrontofhim.解析:句意:小汤姆坐着吃惊地看着猴子在他前面跳舞。句中需要一个形容词化的过去分词来说明主语的状态,语法上叫做“主语补足语”。此处修饰的是人(LittleTom),故用amazed。amazed6.(2015·江苏高考改编)Muchtime(spend)sittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.解析:句意:由于办公室职员在书桌前坐得太久,所以他们普遍被健康问题困扰。此处为独立主格结构,time和spend之间为被动关系,故用过去分词形式。spentⅠ.单句语法填空1.(use)withcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.2.Badly(injure)intheaccident,shewassenttohospitalatonce.3.(catch)inaheavyrain,hewasallwet.4.(remind)nottohangoutatmidnight,theboyheadedhomesoon.5.(disappoint)atfailinginthemathexam,Johnwouldn'tliketotalkaboutittohisparents.DisappointedUsedinjuredCaughtReminded[演练提能]6.Onlywhen(take)accordingtothedirectionscanthemedicinebequiteeffective.7.(strike)bytheheavyrain,theareawasfloodedseriously.8.—Whyaretheytakingalltheequipmentaway?—Thejob(do),theyarepackinguptoleave.9.(lose)inthought,healmostknockedintoatree.10.Whenfirst(introduce)tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsucc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