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Unit4PublictransportSectionⅢGrammar——短语动词语境自主领悟先观察原句①Thistrafficproblemledtothedevelopmentoftheundergroundsystem.②In1884，theMetropolitanRailwayCompanyandtheMetropolitanDistrictRailwaylinkedup...③WhenLondonwasbombed，manyundergroundstationsfunctionedasbombshelters.④Butyouwillhavetofillinaformandthenwewilldecideonthebestway.⑤Wecouldsplitupintogroups，andcomeatdifferenttimes.⑥Icancallyoubacklater.后自主感悟1.所有例句中黑体部分在句中作谓语；它们不是一个词单独作谓语而是由动词加一个_____词或_____词一起作谓语。2.例句①、例句③和例句④中黑体部分的构成特点是它们都是由动词加____词构成的，相当于______动词，可以直接带宾语。介副介及物3.例句②中黑体部分的构成特点是由动词加副词构成的，其后不接宾语；若接宾语，需要加_____词，如例句⑤。4.例句⑥中黑体部分的构成特点是由动词加副词构成的，其后可以加宾语。宾语为_____词时，必须放在动词与副词之间。介代语法精要点拨动词常与其他词类(多是介词和副词)搭配在一起，构成固定词组，称之为短语动词。一、短语动词常见的构成方式及特点1．动词＋副词该类短语动词分及物的和不及物的两类。Pleaseturnoffeverylightinthehouse.请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。(及物)Harryturnedupafterthepartywheneveryonehadleft.晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。(不及物)2．动词＋介词(及物)Takingenoughexercisecontributestogoodhealth.进行足够的锻炼有助于身体健康。[名师点津]同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上有很大差异。lookafter照料；lookat看；lookfor寻找；lookinto调查。3．动词＋副词＋介词Ilookforwardtoseeingyousoon.我期望不久就能见到你。[名师点津](1)及物动词短语后的宾语为名词时，副词放在宾语前后皆可。但如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。(2)如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。Hegavethesecretaway.＝Hegaveawaythesecret.他泄露了秘密。Thebasketisverylight.Icaneasilypickitup.篮子很轻，我可以容易地提起来。[即时训练1]用适当的介词或副词填空①Innowaycanwegive__halfway.②Howdiditcome_____thatheshouldbelateforsuchanimportantmeeting?③Hehasalreadyset__hisownbusinessanditgetsalongverywell.④Sorry，Ihavetolook_____mysickmothersoI'mafraidIcan'tgotherewithyou.upaboutupafter二、常见重点短语动词1．以break为中心的短语动词breakawayfrom脱离，逃离，甩掉breakdown破坏，粉碎，瓦解；出故障，抛锚breakinto闯入；强行进入breakout爆发，发生breakthrough突破breakup解散；结束2．以bring为中心的短语动词bringabout导致，引起，促使bringback带回；使回忆；使恢复bringdown使下降，降低；打倒bringout使显出；使显现；出版；生产bringup抚养，养育，培养bringin赚得，挣；引入；收获(农作物等)3．以call为中心的短语动词callfor需要，要求callin召集calloff取消，停止进行callon拜访(某人)，号召callout大声喊，唤起callup打电话给……；使想起4．以come为中心的短语动词comeabout发生comeacross偶然发现，遇到comedown倒下；降落；跌落；病倒cometo苏醒；复原；共计；达到comeup走近；上楼；流行起来；发芽；上来；(问题)被提出comeupwith提出；想出comeout出版；产生5．以get为中心的短语动词getacross度过，通过，横过；说服；使被理解getalong(with)(与……)相处；进展getaround走动；传播；影响；说服getdownto认真对待，静下心来getoff送走；脱下(衣服)；下车；动身getover恢复，痊愈；克服；完成getridof除去，去掉；免除；摆脱getholdof抓住；把握；得到；联系getthrough拨通；到达；完成；通过6．以give为中心的短语动词giveaway赠送；放弃；泄露；颁发giveback归还；反射givein屈服，让步，投降giveoff发出(烟，气味等)giveout分发，公布，发出；(使)筋疲力尽；用完giveup放弃；停止givewayto让步，退却；屈服于7．以go为中心的短语动词goabout走来走去；(谣言等)流传goagainst反对；不利于goahead前进，进展，继续goby经过，过去goinfor喜欢；参加；赞成；从事goover温习，检查gothrough审查；履行；通过；经历；忍受goup上升，上涨gowithout无须，没有……也行8．以look为中心的短语动词lookabout四下环顾；查看lookaround东张西望，环视lookbackon/upon...回顾……lookdownon/upon俯视；轻视lookforwardto盼望；期待lookinto窥视；调查；浏览lookon/upon旁观；对待lookon/upon...as...把……看作……lookout向外看；注意；当心，提防lookover从上面看过去；检查，忽略lookthrough透过……看去；看穿；浏览，彻底调查lookup查阅；抬头看；好转lookupto仰望；尊敬[即时训练2]选词填空①Thesoundofthehappylaughter_________(callfor/callup)memoriesofhischildhood.②_______(goabout/goover)yourlessonsagainbeforetheexam.③Agoodspeakerissupposedtomanageto_____________(getacrossto/getdownto)thelistenerswhathemeans.④Today'schildrenareraisedinawaythatistotallydifferentfromhowtheirparents_______________(bringon/bringup).calledupGoovergetacrosstowerebroughtup语法应用落实Ⅰ.用适当的介词或副词填空1．Makesurehowmanypeoplearegoingtobring__thewheattomorrow.2．Shewastoofattoget_______thedoor.3．Theoldladygave____mostofhersavingstohelpthosepoorchildrenwhocouldn'tgotoschool.inthroughaway4．It'dbemuchbettertoput___themeetingtillnextweek.5．Thegovernmentcalls__everyonetoprotectourenvironment.6．Thoughbrought__inthecountryside，headaptedtothecitylifequickly.7．Wehavedecided__thedateandtheplacefortravelling.8．Kidsareusuallyeasilytaken__，soweshouldtakegoodcareofthem.offonuponinⅡ.完成句子1．Ican'tbuyanything，becausemymoney_________________．什么也不能买了，因为我的钱已经用完了。2．Ifyou____________________________，youwillsurelygetthesameworkdonefarbetter.如果你跟同学合作的话，相同的工作你会做得好得多。hasrunoutalreadyteamupwithyourclassmates3．Sometimesdriversgivehimatip，sothathehasjustenoughmoney__________．有时司机们会给他小费，所以他刚好有足够的钱来维持生存。4．Theoldworker_________________________________atthemeetingyesterday，butitwasturneddownbythemanager.那位老工人昨天在会上提出了一个非常实用的计划，但被经理拒绝了。toliveonputforwardaverypracticalplan5．Generallyspeaking，students_______________________whoareknowledgeableandpatient.一般来说，学生尊敬博学、耐心的老师。6．Itisreportedthatthepolicewillsoon__________________oftwomissingchildren.据报道，警察很快就会调查两个失踪孩子的案件。lookuptotheteacherslookintothecase7．Societytodayofferstheyounggenerationmorechances___________theirtalentandskills.当今社会给年轻一代提供了更多的机会来展示他们的才能和技能。8．Theelection________________atfirst，buthewonatlast.选举开始时对他不利，但最终他获胜了。toshowoffwentagainsthim9．Wehadto____________________aswehadlostthekey.因为我们弄丢了钥匙，所以不得不破门而入。10．Ihopeyoucan__________________________thanthis.我希望你们能提出一个比这个更好的计划。breakintothehousecomeupwithabetterplan