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Unit4HelpingpeoplearoundtheworldSectionⅥLanguagepoints(Ⅲ)(Project)语言基础自测Ⅰ.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词。1.Imadea(承诺)tohimtopayallofthedebt.2．Theteachersaidthathewouldliketochoosean(助手)amongus.3．Whenthepostfinallyfell(空缺的)，theyofferedittoBob.vacantcommitmentassistant4．Wedrovealonga(泥泞的)lanetoreachthefarmhouse.5．Theumbrellaisapoor(遮蔽物)fromheavyrain.6．Theavenuesoftheareawerewithvisitors.7．AteverymomentIwasofthedifficultieswehave.8．Theteachingofthisschoolareexcellent.9．Theysoonovercamethelanguage．10．Hecanalwaysgetonwellwithhis．muddysheltercrowdedremindedstaffbarriercolleaguesⅡ.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词。1．commitv．承诺；投入；犯(错误)→n．承诺，保证；投入，奉献；不得不做的事2．adj.空着的，未被占用的；(职位)空缺的→vacancyn．空缺；空处3．n．人群vt.挤满，塞满，使拥挤→crowdedadj.拥挤的4．vt.提醒，使想起→remindern．提醒者commitmentvacantcrowdremind[寻规律、巧记忆]n.＋ous→adj.v.＋(e)d→adj.dangerousadj.危险的humorousadj.幽默的poisonousadj.有毒的balancedadj.平衡的interestedadj.感兴趣的movedadj.感动的Ⅲ.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语。1．chaos处于混乱状态2．amess杂乱不堪3．putweight发胖4．placeplace从一地到另一地5．gethold得到；抓住ininonfromtoof6．remindsb.让人想起……，提醒某人7．thinkback回想8．makedifference有作用(关系、影响)9．becrowded挤满10．belimiteddoingsth.在做某事上被限制oftoawithtoⅣ.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空。1．WhenImydaysintheremotevillage，Ifeelwarm.2．Thephotosoftenhimthegoldenyearsofhislife.3．Ittomewhatyouwillsayaboutmyperformance.thinkbacktoremindofmakesadifference4．WherecanIsomestamps?5．Hesincehegaveupsmoking.hasputonweightgetholdof[寻规律、巧记忆]get＋adv.＋prep.→动词短语prep.＋n.→副词短语getawayof逃避getalongwith进展；相处getdownto着手做某事atwar在交战中atpeace在和平中undercontrol在控制中1．However，thatcampaignwasconductedinvillageswheretherewaslotsoffighting，farfromthecity.然而，那次活动是在战乱频繁的乡村进行的，那儿远离城市。[记句式结构]where引导限制性定语从句，修饰villages，并在从句中作状语。[仿写促落实]Weshallvisittheschooltomorrowformanyyears.我们明天去参观你父亲工作了很多年的学校。whereyourfatherhasworked2．...thereismudandwatereverywhere，makingitdifficulttotravelfromplacetoplace.……到处一片泥泞，使得从一个地方到另一个地方的行程变得很困难。[记句式结构]“动词＋形式宾语it＋宾补＋真正的宾语”结构。[仿写促落实]Thecoldweatherthatmorning.那天上午寒冷的天气使行走变得困难。madeitdifficulttowalkaround3．Itseemsthatmanypeopleherejustneedtotalk...在这里，很多人似乎只是需要交谈……[记句式结构]Itseemsthat...“似乎，好像……”，it作形式主语。[仿写促落实]______________you'vemadeamistake.好像你犯了个错误。Itseemsthat核心要点探究commitmentn．[C，U]承诺，保证；[C]已承诺的事，不得不做的事；[U]投入，奉献(常与介词to连用)(教材P62)Changingtheworld—mycommitment改变世界——我的承诺(1)makeacommitment(tosb./sth.)(对……)做出承诺carryoutone'scommitment履行承诺acommitmenttodo/doing做……的承诺(2)commitvt.&vi.承诺；犯(错误、罪)；忠于；全心全意投入commitoneself/sb.to(do/doing)sth.承诺做某事committosb./sth.全身心地投入……①We'vemadeacommitmenttohelp，andwewill.我们已经答应帮忙，并且一定会做到。②Ifyoucommitacrimeyoucanneverescapebeingpunished.你要是犯罪就逃脱不了受惩罚。③ThePresidentiscommittedto(reform)healthcare.总统承诺改革卫生保健制度。reforming[名师点津]表示“承诺；保证”，commit常用于被动语态。inchaos处于混乱状态(教材P62)Arrivedheretofindeverythingwasinchaos.到达这里后发现一切都是乱糟糟的。inchains在囚禁中inrags衣衫褴褛inruins废墟intears泪眼汪汪inreturn作为报答inamess杂乱不堪①Ifoundthemintearscontrarytomyexpectation.我出乎意料地发现他们在哭。②Walkinginthestreet，Ioftenseebeggarsrags.走在大街上，我经常看到一些衣衫褴褛的乞讨者。ingetholdof得到；抓住(教材P62)Oneofthehealthproblemsisthatpeoplewhoneedtotakemedicinesregularlycannotgetholdoftheminadisastersuchasthis.有关健康的问题之一是，在像这样的灾难中，那些需要定期服药的病人无法得到药品。catchholdof抓住，捉住，握住；占有getridof除去；摆脱getawaywith逃避getalongwith进展；相处getdowntosth./doingsth.着手做某事，开始做某事①Hecaughtholdofmyarmanddraggedmehome.他抓住我的胳膊，把我拽回家。②Badhabitsarenoteasytogetridoncetheyaredeveloped.坏习惯一旦养成，就很难改掉。ofremindvt.提醒，使想起(教材P63)ItremindedmeofmytimeinSudan，whereseveralDoctorswithoutBordersstaffwereattackedaspeopletriedtogetthefood.这使我想起了在苏丹的那段时间，当时人们哄抢食物，有好几名无国界医生组织的工作人员受到了攻击。remindsb.of/aboutsth.提醒某人某事remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事remind(sb.)＋that/how/what...提醒①Theoldpictureremindedhimofhischildhood.那张老照片使他想起了童年。②PleaseremindmeImustcallhimupbeforenoon.请提醒我在中午前给他打个电话。③Imustremindyou(call)meat7：00tomorrowmorning.我得提醒你明天早晨七点给我打电话。thattocall[名师点津]与remindsb.ofsth.结构类似的短语还有很多，如robsb.ofsth.，informsb.ofsth.，convincesb.ofsth.，warnsb.ofsth.，accusesb.ofsth.等。thinkbackto回想，回顾(教材P63)WhenIthinkbacktoalltheexperiencesthatIhavehadaroundtheworldsincejoiningDoctorswithoutBorders，IfeelthatIhavebeenveryluckytobeabletohelpothersanddosomethingworthwhile.回想起我加入无国界医生组织以来在世界各地的所有经历，我觉得自己非常幸运，能够帮助别人，做一些有价值的事情。thinkof考虑；想出；想象thinkup想出；编造出thinkhighly/wellof高度评价thinklittle/badlyof认为不好；评价不好①Can'tyouthinkupabetterexcusethanthat?难道你想不出一个比那更好的借口吗？②Mostofusthinkhighlyhim.我们大多数人对他评价很高。ofmakeadifference有作用(关系，影响)(教材P63)IknowIcan'tchangethewholeworld，butI'mproudthatIcanhelphereandthere，andmakeadifferencetopeople'slives.我知道我无法改变整个世界，但我很自豪，因为我能处处给人们提供帮助，改变他们的生活。makesomedifferenceto与……有些关系makemuchdifferenceto与……有很大关系makeallthedifferenceto对……关系重大；使大不相同makenodifferenceto与……没有关系①Itmakesnodifferencetomewhetheryouarerichorpoor.你是富是穷与我毫无关系。②Theweathermakesmuchdifferencetheproduction.天气对产量有较大的影响。to(教材P62)．..thereismudandwatereverywhere，___________________________fromplacetoplace.……到处是一片泥泞，使得从一个地方到另一个地方的行程变得困难。[要点提炼]本句为简单句，making...为分词短语在句中作结果状语。makingitdifficulttotravelmakeitdifficulttotravel为make的复合结构：it是形式宾语，后边的不定式短语是真正的宾语。英语中有些动词，如：find，feel，think，make等后面可跟复合结构，在这种复合结构中，真正的宾语可以是不定式、动名词或that从句等，而it作形式宾语。①Hemadeitaruletocheckhishomeworkcarefullybeforehandingitin.他总是把家庭作业仔细检查一遍才