2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 4 Helping people around the w

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语法图解SectionⅣGrammar&Writing单元语法——虚拟语气(Ⅱ)①Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.②Helooksasifhehadseenaghost.③Helooksasifhewereanartist.④Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.⑤IfonlyIwereyou!⑥Iwishhehadvisiteduslastnight.⑦Iwouldrather(that)Ihadnotseenit.⑧Iwouldratheryoupaintedthewallgreennexttime.⑨Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.⑩Itistimethatthechildrenwent/shouldgotobed.探究发现[我的发现](1)句①中从句的谓语动词为hadasked,是与事实相反的虚拟语气;主句的谓语动词为wouldknow,是与事实相反的虚拟语气。(2)由句②③④⑤可以看出,asif从句和ifonly后的句子常用虚拟语气。表示对过去的虚拟用,如句②④;表示对现在的虚拟用(be动词常用),如句③⑤。过去现在过去完成时一般过去时were(3)由句⑥⑦⑧可以看出,wish和wouldrather后的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气。表示对过去的虚拟用,如句⑥⑦;wouldrather后接的宾语从句中若表示对将来的虚拟用,如句⑧。(4)在表示建议、命令、要求等意义的词如suggest,order,command,require等后的宾语从句中,谓语动词常用,如句⑨。(5)由句⑩可以看出,在句型“Itistimethat...”中,从句的谓语动词既可以使用,也可以使用。过去完成时一般过去时(should+)动词原形一般过去时should+动词原形一、错综时间条件句(混合条件句)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow,youwouldbebetternow.如果你刚才听了我的建议,你现在就好多了。Ifhewerefreetoday,wewouldhavesenthimtoBeijing.如果他今天有空的话,我们就派他去北京了。[即时演练1]用所给词的适当形式填空①Ifyou(study)hardbefore,you(be)acollegestudentnow.②IfI(be)you,Iwould(take)hisadvice.二、含蓄虚拟条件句有时虚拟的条件不通过条件从句表达出来,而是暗含在单词、短语或上下文中,这时需要根据句中所表述的意义以及某些特定的信息词来判断此时需要采用的形式。常用词或短语有:with,without,butfor,orelse,or,otherwise等。hadstudiedwouldbewerehavetakenButforherhelp,theycouldn'thaverunoverthemountaininsuchashorttime.要不是她的帮助,他们就不会在那么短的时间内翻过那座山。Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.我那天病了。否则,我就参加运动会了。Hemusthavebeenthere,orhenevercouldknowtheplacesowell.他一定去过那儿,否则他决不会如此了解那个地方。[名师点津]有些句子中没有任何表示虚拟语气的词、短语或从句,但仍要用虚拟语气,这时,要么是省略了表示虚拟语气的部分,要么是隐含在上下文中。Iwoulddoanythingforher.我会为她做任何事情。(省略了ifIcould)Wewouldhavegivenoutanurgentmessage.我们本来可以发布一则紧急通知的。(省略了butwewereuncertainaboutit)[即时演练2]句型转换①Whatwouldyoudoifyouhadamilliondollars?→Whatwouldyoudoamilliondollars?②Wewouldnothavefinishedtheworkontimeifyouhadnothelpedus.→Wewouldnothavefinishedtheworkontimeyourhelp.③Iftherewerenoelectricity,lifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.→,lifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.④Ifithadnotbeenfortherain,wewouldhavefinishedthework.→,wewouldhavefinishedthework.withwithoutWithoutelectricityButfortherain三、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用(一)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用1.wish后的宾语从句时间谓语动词的虚拟形式对现在的虚拟一般过去时(be用were)对将来的虚拟would/could+动词原形对过去的虚拟过去完成时Iwish(that)Iwereabirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky.(现在)我希望我是一只小鸟能在天空自由飞翔。IwishIhadn'tmadesuchamistake.(过去)我希望我没有犯过这样的错误。IwishIwouldliveuptotheexpectationsofmyparentsandteachersintheCollegeEntranceExaminations.(将来)我希望在高考中我不会辜负父母和老师的期望。[即时演练3](1)句型转换①IfonlyIwereaflyingbird!→IwishIaflyingbird!②IfonlyIhadbeentocollege!→HowIwish!(2)用所给动词的适当形式填空①IwishI(sleep)longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.②Iwishyourcompany(expand)thebusiness.HowwereIhadbeentocollegehadsleptexpanded2.在wouldrather后的宾语从句中,谓语常用一般过去时来表示对现在或将来的虚拟,用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。IwouldratherIhadattendedthepartyyesterday.我情愿我昨天去参加那个聚会了。Iwouldratherthattheyleftnextweek.我宁愿他们下周离开。[即时演练4]用所给动词的适当形式填空①Iwouldratherthey(notknow)thenewsforever.②IwouldratherI(return)thebookyesterday.3.在表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。此类动词有:一坚持:insist二命令:order,command三建议:suggest,propose,advise四要求:request,require,demand,askdidn'tknowhadreturnedThedoctoradvisedthathe(should)takemoreexercise.医生建议他多锻炼。Hishealthrequiredthathe(should)gotobedearly.他的健康状况要求他早睡。[名师点津]suggest表“暗示,表明”,insist表“坚持认为,坚持说”时,不用虚拟语气。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.他脸上的笑容表明他对我们的工作很满意。Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.那个人坚持说他从来没有偷过钱。[即时演练5]完成句子①他建议我们第二天早点出发。Hesuggestedthatearlythenextday.②天空中的乌云表明即将要下雨了。Thedarkcloudsintheskysuggestedthatrain.③她坚持要求预订座位。Sheinsistedthattheseatsinadvance.④那位年轻人坚持说他从未见过那个钱包。Theyoungfellowinsistedthathethewallet.we(should)startoffitwasgoingto(should)bebookedhadneverseen(二)虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用1.“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural,apity等)+that从句”句型中,从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。ItisnecessarythatI(should)returnitrightnow.我有必要马上把它还回去。It'sapitythathe(should)havefailedintheexam.他考试竟没有及格,真是遗憾。2.“Itisordered(suggested,requested,required,proposed等)+that从句”句型中,从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。Itisrequiredthatthestudents(should)learnaforeignlanguage.学生们被要求应当学一门外语。[即时演练6]完成句子①真奇怪他竟然那样对待他的父母。It'sstrangethathetowardhisparentslikethat.②人们建议会议推迟到下周。It'ssuggestedthatthemeetingtillnextweek.(should)haveacted(should)beputoff(三)虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的应用在表示建议、命令、要求、愿望等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。这类名词有:advice,suggestion,order,demand,proposal,request,desire等。Hemadethedemandthatwe(should)goatonce.=Hisdemandwasthatwe(should)goatonce.他要求我们马上去。[即时演练7]将下面两个句子合并为一个含同位语从句的复合句Weallagreedtohissuggestion.HesuggestedourgoingtoDalianforsightseeing.→Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoDalianforsightseeing.四、虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用1.evenif(though),asif(though)从句以及ifonly后的句子常用虚拟语气时间谓语动词的虚拟形式对过去的虚拟had+过去分词对现在的虚拟一般过去时(be动词常用were)对将来的虚拟would/could/might+动词原形Hetreatsthelittlegirlasifshewerehisowndaughter.他对待这个小女孩就像她是自己的亲生女儿一样。IfonlyIhadseenthefilm!我要是看了那部电影多好啊![名师点津]evenif(though)如果叙述的是事实,asif(though)如果有明显的迹象表示“有可能实现的事实”时,不用虚拟语气。Itissocloudy.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.阴天了,似乎要下雨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