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Unit4GlobalwarmingSectionⅣGrammar&Writingit的用法(Ⅱ)第一板块单元语法1．(教材原句P26)___________ascientistcalledCharlesKeeling___________madeaccuratemeasurementsoftheamountofcarbondioxideintheatmospherefrom1957to1997.2．(教材原句P29)___________humanactivity___________hascausedthisglobalwarming.ItwaswhoItisthat考点一强调句型的基本结构强调句型的基本结构是：Itis/was＋被强调部分＋who/that＋剩余部分。此句型强调的成分可以是主语、宾语或状语等，不能是定语或谓语。强调人时用who(主格)、whom或that都可以；强调其他成分一律用that。强调句型的时态要依原句的时态而定，即原句为过去的某种时态，强调句中就用was；原句为现在或将来的某种时态，强调句中就用is。1．强调主语ItisIwho/thatamtoblame.应受责备的是我。Itismymotherwho/thatremindsmetogetupontimeeveryday.每天都是我妈妈提醒我按时起床。2．强调宾语ItwasHemingway'snovelTheOldManandtheSeathattheboywantedtoread.这个男孩想看的是海明威的小说《老人与海》。Itwasaninterestingstorythattheteachertoldthemintheclassyesterday.老师昨天在班上给他们讲的是一个有趣的故事。3．强调状语。状语可以是一个单词、短语，也可以是状语从句。ItwasyesterdaythatImetJohninthelibrary.我是昨天在图书馆里遇见约翰的。ItwasthreeyearsagothatIjoinedthearmy.我是三年前参军的。Itisonlywhenoneisillthatherealizesthevalueofhealth.人们生了病才意识到健康的价值。考点二强调句型的特殊结构1．not...until结构用于强调句型在not...until的结构中，强调由until引导的短语或从句表示的时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：Itis/wasnotuntil...that...。注意：此时原句中的not...until要变成notuntil，that后面的句子的谓语动词要用肯定式。Hedidn'tgotobeduntilhiswifecameback.(强调句型)Itwasnotuntilhiswifecamebackthathewenttobed.直到妻子回来他才睡觉。Ididn'tknowituntilyesterday.(强调句型)ItwasnotuntilyesterdaythatIknewit.直到昨天我才得知此事。[特别提醒]在强调句型中只能用until，不能用till。如果不是强调句型，till和until可以互换，但till通常不位于句首。2．强调句型的疑问句式(1)强调句型的一般疑问句式是：Is/Was＋it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分？WasitJimthat/whoboughtthebook?买那本书的是吉姆吗？WasitMarythat/whophonedjustnow?刚才打电话的是玛丽吗？Wasitonthisislandthathefoundtherarebird?他是在这个岛上发现那只珍稀的鸟的吗？(2)强调句型的特殊疑问句式是：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他成分？强调句型的特殊疑问句作宾语时，其语序为：特殊疑问词＋itis/was＋that＋其他成分。WherewasitthatyoumetTomyesterday?昨天你是在哪儿遇见汤姆的？Whyisitthatyouwanttochangeyouridea?你为什么想改变主意呢？WhenwasitthatEmilygraduatedfromHarvardUniversity?埃米莉是什么时候从哈佛大学毕业的？Whowasitthatsavedthedrowningchild?是谁救了那个落水的孩子？Ireallydon'tknowwhereitwasthatIputmywalletafterIpaidthebill.我真的不知道付了账之后我把钱包放在哪里了。[巧学助记]口诀巧记强调句型：强调结构并不难，that/who在中间；除了谓定不强调，主宾补状都在编；notuntil常考题，否定强调把你难；疑问强调莫忽视，基本形式记心间。考点三使用强调句型的注意事项1．强调主语时，who/that之后的谓语动词在人称和数上应该与前面被强调的名词或代词保持一致。ItisonlyIwho/thatamwillingtogotothecinema.只有我愿意去看电影。ItisMaryandTomwhooftendogooddeeds.是玛丽和汤姆经常做好事。2．在这个句型中，it没有实际意义，但不能用其他词代替；is/was数的形式不受前面被强调部分单复数的影响。ItisjazzthatIhatemost.我最不喜欢的就是爵士乐。ItishisnovelsthatIlikemost.我最喜欢的是他的小说。3．强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，要用that，不能用when，where，why或how；强调的如果是原因状语从句，从句只能由because引导，不能由since和as引导。ItwasinShanghaithatIsawthefilm.我看这部电影是在上海。Itwasbecausehermotherwasillthatshedidn'tgowithus.她没和我们一起去的原因是她的妈妈病了。4．若被强调部分是作主语的代词，用主格；若是作宾语的代词，则用宾格。Itwashethathelpedmeyesterday.昨天帮我的人是他。Itwasmethathehelpedyesterday.他昨天帮的人是我。5．that在强调句型中与定语从句中的区别。that在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，而在强调句型中不作任何成分。Itwasaquestionthatneedscarefulconsideration.这是一个需要仔细考虑的问题。(that引导定语从句，在句中作主语)6．识别强调句型的诀窍。在Itis/was...that...强调句型中，Itis/was和that都没有词义，去掉后，句子结构仍然完整，句意仍然通顺。试比较：Itwasforthreehoursthattheyhaveworked.→Theyhaveworkedforthreehours.他们已经工作3个小时了。Itwasatfiveo'clockthatIarrivedthere.→Atfiveo'clockIarrivedthere.我是5点到达那里的。Itwasfiveo'clockwhenIarrivedthere.我到达那里时是5点。(It指代时间)Itisreallyawonderthatheisstillalive.他仍然活着真是一个奇迹。(It作形式主语)ItisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.这是我读过的最好的书。(It指代书)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Itisimagination___________makestheworldcolorfulandfullofvigor(活力)．2．Wasitonalonelyisland___________hewassavedonemonthaftertheboatwentdown?3．It___________(be)thesestudentswhohelpedtheoldmanseveraldaysago.thatthatwas4．Itwasnotuntilthelastmoment___________shementionedherownplan.5．(2018·广东广州期末)ItwasonlywhenIreadthisstoryforasecondtime___________Ibegantoappreciateitsbeauty.6．Itwas80yearsbeforeChristopherColumbuscrossedtheAtlantic___________ZhengHehadsailedtoEastAfrica.7．(2018·江苏泰州校级月考)Whenwasit___________theShanghaiDisneyland___________youdreamedofvisitingwasopentothepublic?thatthatthatthatwhich/that8．Itisnotwhetheryouwinorlose,buthowmuchyoulearn___________reallycounts.9．Wasitinthehouse___________youwereborn___________youexperiencedtheearthquake?10．Idon'tmindhercriticizingme,but___________ishowshedoesitthatIobjectto.11．Ithinkitisthesalesmanager,ratherthanthesalesgirlsthat___________(be)toblame.thatwherethatitis12．Hiswritingissoconfusingthatit'sdifficulttomakeout___________itisthatheistryingtoexpress.13．John'ssuccesshasnothingtodowithgoodluck.Itisyearsofhardwork___________hasmadehimwhatheistoday.whatthatⅡ.单句改错1．ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecentlysoIbegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.___________2．ItwasinQingdaowhereIsawtheseaforthefirsttime.___________3．Itwasbecausethebadweatherthatthefootballmatchhadtobeputoff.__________________so→thatwhere→thatbecause后加of4．ItisIwhoisgoingtobesenttheretohelpthem.___________5．Itwasherthattoldmeaboutit.___________6．ItisIwhotheteacherhaspunished.___________7．Itwasawhitemanthattheblackmenwerespeaking._____________8．ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmejustnowdidIknewtheanswer.______________第二个is→amher→sheI→mespeaking后加todid→thatⅢ.语法与写作1．__________________________________(正是任何感兴趣的学生)iswelcometoparticipate.2．___________________________________(正是这些经验)helpsmebetterunderstandtheproverb“Practicemakesperfect”．3．______________________