返回目录ExploringplantsUnit4返回目录PeriodⅢGrammar直接宾语和间接宾语返回目录课堂要点精析课末随堂演练目录Contents返回目录课堂要点精析宾语(object)在句中主要表示动作的对象或承受者,一般置于及物动词或介词之后,由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的分词、介词短语、从句等充当。返回目录一、宾语的构成成分Showyourpassport,please.请出示护照。(名词)Hedidn'tsayanything.他什么也没说。(代词)—Howmanydoyouwant?—Iwanttwo.——你要几个?——我要两个。(数词)返回目录Heisalwayshelpingthepoorerthanhimself.他总是帮助比他穷困的人。(名词化的形容词)Theyaskedtoseemypassport.他们要求看我的护照。(不定式)Ienjoyworkingwithyou.我和你们一起工作很愉快。(动名词)Heneverdidtheunexpected.他从不做使人感到意外的事。(名词化的分词)Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?你把他的话记下了没有?(从句)返回目录二、直接宾语和间接宾语有一些动词后面常跟两个宾语,即直接宾语(directobject)和间接宾语(indirectobject)。直接宾语一般在间接宾语的后面,表示动作的承受者,一般是物。间接宾语通常在直接宾语的前面,表示动作是对谁或为谁做的,一般是人。可接双宾语的动词依据其所搭配的介词,可分为以下三种情况:返回目录1.动词+双宾语=动词+直接宾语+to+间接宾语这类动词后面的间接宾语后置时,间接宾语前要用介词to。常见的这类动词有:give,pay,show,owe(欠),send,bring,take,mail,offer,read,pass,lend,leave,hand,tell,return,write,throw,allow,wish,teach,promise,award(授予),grant(假定;授予)等。返回目录Pleaseshowmeyourpassport.→Pleaseshowyourpassporttome.请把护照给我看一下。Iwillreturnyouthebooktomorrow.→Iwillreturnthebooktoyoutomorrow.我明天还你书。Thegovernmentgrantedthemaloan.→Thegovernmentgrantedaloantothem.政府给了他们一笔贷款。返回目录2.动词+双宾语=动词+直接宾语+for+间接宾语这类动词后面的间接宾语后置时,间接宾语前要用介词for。常见的这类动词有:make(制造),buy,do,fetch(取来),get,paint,draw(绘画),play(弹奏),save(节约,省下),reserve(保留,预定),order(定购),cook(烹调),sing,find,build,change,choose,prepare,pick等。返回目录Fetchusafewchairs,willyou?→Fetchafewchairsforus,willyou?给我们搬几把椅子来,行吗?MothermadeMaryanewcoat.→MothermadeanewcoatforMary.母亲为Mary做了一件新大衣。Heboughtmeanewbook.→Heboughtanewbookforme.他给我买了一本新书。返回目录注意区分下列句子:Katewrotealettertohermother.Kate给她的母亲写了一封信。Katewrotealetterforhermother.Kate为她的母亲写了一封信。【提示】用to侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着,对着某人;用for侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人,替某人。返回目录3.动词+双宾语=动词+直接宾语+of/from/with+间按宾语这类动词后面的间接宾语后置时,间接宾语前用介词of/with等,个别间接宾语前也有用其他介词的。注意识记这些特殊的动词。例如:asksthofsb,playsthwithsb等。Wouldyoustealmoneyfromyourownfamily?你会从自己家里偷钱吗?Theywarnedhimofthedangersofsailingalone.他们警告他独自航行的重重危险。返回目录【提示】(1)当双宾语均为代词时,通常是直接宾语位于间接宾语之前,中间由to或for连接。Iwillgiveittohim.我会把这个给他。(2)当直接宾语为不定代词时,直接宾语既可以置于间接宾语之前,也可以置于间接宾语之后。Mybrotherwillgetsomeforme.→Mybrotherwillgetmesome.我的哥哥会给我一些。返回目录(3)关于带有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态。可选两个宾语中的任何一个作为被动语态句子的主语,而将另一个宾语作为“保留宾语”写入被动语态句子中。如果选直接宾语作被动语态句子的主语,则要在被动语态句子的“保留宾语”前加上合适的介词。Mybrotherboughtmeabagyesterday.(主动)→Abagwasboughtformebymybrotheryesterday.(被动)我的哥哥昨天给我买了一个包。返回目录三、常见考查宾语的表现形式有以下几方面1.动词不定式结构作宾语。常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有:afford,agree,aim,appear,claim,decide,demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,happen,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,long,manage,offer,pretend,promise,prepare,refuse,seek,undertake,want,wish,wouldlike等。Thepartyfailedtowintheelection.该政党未能赢得选举。可以用动词不定式作宾语的形容词一般有:glad,sorry,afraid,pleased,determined,willing,eager,anxious,ready,sure等。返回目录2.v.ing(动名词)形式作宾语。常跟动名词作宾语的动词有:admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,deny,endure,enjoy,escape,prevent,fancy,finish,imagine,mind,miss,postpone,practise,recall,resent,resist,risk,suggest,face,include,stand,understand,forgive,keep,giveup,putoff等。返回目录3.既可以用动词不定式又可以用动名词作宾语,但意义有差别。remembertodosth记着去做某事rememberdoingsth记得做过某事forgettodosth忘记要做某事forgetdoingsth忘记做过某事返回目录regrettodosth很遗憾去做某事regretdoingsth后悔做了某事meantodosth打算做某事meandoingsth意味着做某事返回目录4.require/need/want/beworth跟动名词主动形式表示被动含义。EverybitofHuangshanMountainsceneryisworthpainting.黄山的风景处处值得入画。返回目录5.在一些固定句型中,动名词作介词宾语,其中介词有时可以省掉。常见结构有:What/Howaboutdoingsth?havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsthhaveproblemdoingsthhavepleasuredoingsthhaveagood/hardtime(in)doingsthprevent/stop/keep/…fromdoingsthprotect…fromdoingsthspend/waste…(in)doingsthbebusy(in)doingsth返回目录6.it用作形式宾语当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在句子中作宾语时,为保持平衡,避免句式结构的混乱,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在句尾,此时it只起引导作用,无具体意义。(1)动词+it+宾补+真正的宾语Ifeltitanhonourtobeinvitedtomakeaspeechhere.能够被邀请在这儿做演讲我感到很荣幸。返回目录(2)动词+介词+it+that从句Youmaydependonitthatitistrue.你可以相信这是真的。(3)动词+it+介词短语+that从句IoweittoyouthatIamstillalive.多亏有你我才仍然活着。(4)动词+it+when/if从句能用于此结构的动词不多,常见的有:enjoy,hate,love,like,dislike,appreciate,prefer等。I'dpreferitifIdidn'thavetodosomuchwork.要是我不必做那么多工作,那就太好了。返回目录课末随堂演练Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Aswechangeandadapt,wenotonlysurvive,butwegrowand__________(进化).2.The____________(植物学家)introducedanewspeciesofplanttotheregion.3.Youshoulddigan______________(灌溉)canalinthefield.4.Noonehastherightto____________(限制)aperson'sfreedomofaction.evolvebotanistirrigationrestrict返回目录5.Firstwe____________(系上)awireropetothesunkenship,andthenweusedthemachinetodragtheboattotheriverbank.6.Poursomewaterintothe_____________(容器)andreserveit.7.LaterIcalledto____________(推迟)ourappointmentbutIcouldn'tgetherthrough.attachedcontainerpostpone返回目录8.Thefarmerisdiggingsweetpotatoeswitha_________(铁锹).9.Thefishermenbroughttheboatintotheharboranddroppedthe__________(锚).10.Lightpollutioncausesustolosesightofourtrueplaceintheuniverse,toforgetthe_________(范围)ofourbeing.spadeanchorscale返回目录Ⅱ.选词填空passon…to,berestrictedto,datebackto,appealto,atadistanceof,giveout,beattachedto,onalargescale,outofdate,adaptto1.Scientistsaretryingtomakedirectuseofsolarenergy____________________.2.Thesestoriesabouttheirancestorsinthistribeareusually________________thenextgeneration.onalargescalepassedonto返回目录3.Henryl