2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 4 Earthquakes Section Ⅲ Gramm

第一课文化与社会第1课时体味文化Unit4EarthquakesSectionⅢGrammar01课前语法感知教材语法感知①Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.②Thenumberofpeoplewho/thatwerekilledorseriouslyinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.③Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakewhich/thatwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.④Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.⑤Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.(1)关系代词指人，在定语从句中作，如①②④。(2)关系代词指物，在从句中作，如③。(3)关系代词既可以指也可以指，在从句中作，如②③。(4)关系代词，在定语从句中作，表所属关系可以指，也可以指，如⑤。who主语、宾语which主语、宾语that人物主语、宾语whose定语人物真题语法感悟1.(2017·北京高考)Thelittleproblems________wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.2．(2017·江苏高考)In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneof________purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.3．(2016·北京高考)Ilivenextdoortoacouple________childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.thatwhosewhose02课堂合作探究定语从句(Ⅰ)定语从句，也称为形容词性从句，在复合句中修饰、限定某一名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词；引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词可分为关系代词，如：that,which,who,whom,whose,as等，在从句中作主语、定语、宾语；关系副词，如：when,where,why等，在从句中作状语。关系代词作宾语时一般可以省略。一、关系代词引导的定语从句1．who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语。Iknowaboutthemanwhospoketoyoujustnow.我了解刚才跟你谈话的那个人。Theman(who)weinvitedtothepartyisProfessorSmith.我们邀请参加聚会的人是史密斯教授。2．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略，在口语中也可用who代替whom。Theman(whom/who/that)yousawjustnowisournewEnglishteacher.刚才你看到的那个人是我们的新英语老师。Hereistheman(whom/who)youarelookingfor.你要找的人在这儿。3．whose既可指人，也可指物。其后接名词，与先行词构成从属关系，在定语从句中作定语。Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。Nobodywantsthehousewhoseroofhasfallendown.没有人要这个屋顶已坍塌了的房子。4．which只指物，不指人，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。作宾语时可省略。Guilinisacitywhichhasahistoryof2,000years.桂林是一座有2,000年历史的城市。Theyoungmanwasveryhappytogetbackthegoldring(which)hehadlostonthetrain.那个年轻人领回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。5．that既可指人，又可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语。作宾语时常可省略。Thereisafilm(that)I'dliketosee.有一部我想看的电影。SheistheonlyoneamongusthatknowsFrench.她是我们当中唯一懂法语的人。【即景活用1】单句语法填空①Idon'tknowthegirl_________________youspeakto.②WangWeiandWangKunwerecyclingalongtheriver______________iscalledLancangRiverinChina.③Thoseboys________areplayingtennisaremyfriends.④Theearthquake____________happenedin1976inTang­shanshockedthepeopleallovertheworld.⑤Ilookedupatmyfriend________lookonthefacewasdetermined.whom/that/whowhich/thatthat/whowhich/thatwhose二、关系代词只能用that，而不用which的情况1．先行词为不定代词(all,nothing,theone,much等)或被不定代词修饰时。Youcantakeanyseatthatisfree.你可以坐任何空座。Tellusallthatyouknow.告诉我们你所知道的。2．先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。ThatisthefirstcompositionthatI'vewritteninEnglish.这是我用英语写的第一篇作文。3．先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.被用来防止污染，这是最好的。4．当先行词既有人又有物时。Everyonewantstoseethespaceshipandthespacemanthatmadetheflightaroundtheearth.每个人都想看围绕地球飞行的宇宙飞船和宇航员。5．先行词被theonly,thesame,thevery等词修饰时。Thatistheverypen(that)Iamlookingfor.那正是我正在找的钢笔。6．当主句是以who或which引导的特殊疑问句时。Whichofthetwocowsthatyoukeepproducesmoremilk?你养的这两头奶牛哪一头产奶多？【即景活用2】单句语法填空①Thereseemstobenothing________seemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.②Hepreferstheapples______________comefromhisparents'farm.③Ihavereadallthebooks________yougaveme.④ThisisthebestTVseries________hasbeenshownthismonth.⑤Thisistheonlynewspaper________Ireadinthemorning.thatthat/which(that)that(that)三、关系代词只能用which，而不用that的情况1．关系代词前有介词时(即介词后)。ThehouseinwhichIusedtolivehasbecomeashoeshop.我过去住的房子现在变成了一家鞋店。2．在非限制性定语从句中。HaveyoueverreadthebookTheThreeMusketeers,whichwaswrittenbyAlexandreDumas?你读过亚历山大·杜马写的《三个火枪手》吗？名师点津在用“介词＋which”引导的定语从句中，有时介词可以直接放入定语从句中，此时用that或which均可。Thehousewhich/thatIusedtoliveinhasbecomeashoeshop.【即景活用3】单句语法填空①Hewrotemanybooks,mostof________havebeentranslatedintoseverallanguages.②Untilnow,wehaveraised50,000poundsforthepoorchildren,________isquiteunexpected.whichwhich四、关系代词用who，不宜用that的情况1．当先行词是指人的不定代词，如：one,ones,anyone时。Anyonewhodoesthatmustbemad.那样做的任何人一定是疯了。2．当先行词是人称代词I,you,he,they等时(常用于谚语中)。Hewhodoesn'treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.不到长城非好汉。3．当先行词为指人的those时。Thosewhohavegoodmannerswillbehighlyrespected.那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重。4．在therebe结构中，先行词指人时。Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyou.有一个年轻人想见你。【即景活用4】(1)单句语法填空Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose________aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.who(2)单句写作①她不在刚才到达的那列火车上。Shewasnotonthetrain________________________.②看那栋楼，楼顶的颜色是白的。Lookatthebuilding,________________.③这就是我们谈论过的那个老师。Thisistheteacher____________________________.④偷你汽车的人已经被逮捕了。Theman________________hasbeenarrested.which/thatarrivedjustnowwhoseroofiswhite(whom)wehavetalkedaboutwhostoleyourcar⑤你知道他们讨论的事和人吗？Doyouknowthethingsandpersons___________________________________？⑥房租被提高的人可以上诉。People________________________canappeal.⑦这是我看到过的最好的一部电影。Thisisthebestmovie________________.⑧音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。Musicistheonlything________________.thattheyaretalkingaboutwhoserentshavebeenraised(that)I'veeverseenthatinterestsme