2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 4 Earthquakes Section Ⅲ Gramm

SectionⅢGrammar—定语从句(Ⅰ)探究发现1．Thenumberofpeoplewho/thatwerekilledorseriouslyinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.2．Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakewhich/thatwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.3．Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.4．Chinaisacountrythat/whichhasalonghistory.5．Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.6．Theman(whom/who/that)IhavetophonelivesinCanada.[我的发现](1)关系代词who指人，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，如句、句和句。(2)关系代词whom指人，在定语从句中作语，在口语和非正式文体中可用who或that替换，如句6。(3)关系代词which指，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，如句2和句4。(4)关系代词that既可以指人也可以指，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，如句1、句2、句4和句6。(5)关系代词whose既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作语，如句5。136宾物物定一、定义定语从句定义在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰限制作用的从句关系词关系代词who;whom;whose;which;that;as关系副词when;where;why分类限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句单元语法关系代词who,whom,that,which,whose引导的限制性的定语从句[点津]关系词在句中的三个作用：连接主从句；指代先行词；在从句中充当成分。二、关系代词的基本用法1．that既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。Thechildrenthatareinjuredinacaraccidentarebeingtreatedinthehospitalnow.在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。Thereisafilm(that)I'dliketosee.有一部电影我想去看。2．which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。Guilinisacitywhichhasahistoryof2,000years.桂林是座有2000年历史的城市。Thisisthehotel(which)IstayedatwhenIwastravellinghere.这就是我在这儿旅行时住过的房子。3．who指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。Themanwhoistalkingwithmyfatherisapoliceman.正在与我父亲谈话的那个人是警察。Theprofessor(who)youwishtoseehasgoneabroad.你希望见的那位教授出国了。4．whom指人，who的宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略，在口语中可用who或that代替。Thewoman(whom)yousawjustnowisourEnglishteacher.你刚才看见的那位女士是我们的英语老师。Iknowwhoyouareandwhomyourepresent.我知道你是谁并代表谁。5．whose既可以指人，也可以指物，在从句中作定语。Thisisthewomanscientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.这就是那位闻名全国的女科学家。Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacesnorth.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。即时演练1选词填空(who,whom,that,which,whose)①Idon'tknowthegirlyouspeakto.②WangWeiandWangKunwerecyclingalongtheriveriscalledLancangRiverinChina.③Thoseboysareplayingtennisaremyfriends.④Theearthquakehappenedin1976inTangshanshockedthepeopleallovertheworld.⑤Ilookedupatmyfriendlookonthefacewasdetermined.whom/that/whowhich/thatwho/thatwhich/thatwhose三、关系代词指物时只用that不用which的情况1．当先行词为all,everything,nothing,anything,little,much等不定代词时。Theoldmantriedtowritedownallthathehadgonethroughinhislife.这位老人尽力把他平生经历的事情都写下来。2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。3．先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。ThisisthelargestshipthatIhaveeverseen.这是我曾经见过的最大的船。4．当先行词被thevery,theonly,thesame修饰时。That'stheonlythingthatwecandonow.那是目前我们唯一能做的事。IhavefoundtheverypenthatIlostyesterday.我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。5．当先行词中既有人，又有物时。Weoftentalkaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremember.我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。6．当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that。Whichisthebookthatyoulikemost?你最喜欢的书是哪一本？即时演练2用适当的关系词填空①Thereseemstobenothingseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.②Hepreferstheapplescomefromhisparents'farm.③Ihavereadallthebooksyougaveme.④ThisisthebestTVserieshasbeenshownthismonth.⑤ThisistheonlynewspaperIreadinthemorning.thatthat/whichthatthatthat[链接高考]单句语法填空1．(2019·浙江高考语法填空)AschoolinIrelandhasintroducedaninterestingnewuniform.Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofclothgivesofflightinthedark.2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.that/whichthat/which3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernmentstartedasoil­testingprogramgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.4．(2018·浙江高考语法填空)ManywesternerscometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.that/whichwho/that5．(2017·天津高考改编)WhenyoudrivethroughtheRedwoodForestsinCalifornia,youwillbeamongtreesareover1,000yearsold.6．(2017·北京高考改编)Thelittleproblemswemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.that/whichthat/which[演练提能]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Theboysavedyourgrandmaismyneighbor.2．HeisthemanIsawyesterday.3．ThebookIboughtyesterdayisonEnglishgrammar.4．Isoxygentheonlygashelpsfireburn?5．Thisisthebiggestlaboratorywehaveeverbuiltinourschool.who/thatthat/who/whom/不填that/which/不填thatthat/不填6．TheSoundofMusicisthefirstEnglishfilmIhaveeverseen.7．TheplaceinterestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.8．Isthereanyoneinyourclassfamilyisinthecountry?9．Haveyousentthank­younotestotherelativesfromyoureceivedgifts?10．ThethingsandpeoplemygrandpatoldmewhenIwasyoungstillremainrefreshinmymind.that/不填that/whichwhosewhomthatⅡ.完成句子1．Shewasnotonthetrainjustnow.她不在刚才到达的那列火车上。2．Ioncelivedinthehouse.我曾经住在那所屋顶已经倒塌的房子里。3．Thisistheteacher.这就是我们谈论过的那个老师。4．Themanhasbeenarrested.偷你汽车的人已经被逮捕了。whicharrivedwhoseroofhasfallenin(whom)wehavetalkedaboutwhostoleyourcar5．Doyouknowthethingsandpersons你知道他们讨论的事和人吗？6．Peoplecanappeal.房租被提高的人可以上诉。7．Thisisthebestmovie.这是我看过的最好的一部电影。8．Musicistheonlything.音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。thattheyaretalkingabout?whoserentshavebeenraised(that)I'veeverseenthatinterestsmeⅢ.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。NewYorkCityisacitythat__1__(lie)atthemouthoftheHudsonRiver,southeasternNewYorkState.Itis__2__(official)calledtheCityofNewYork.Thecityhasfiveparts:Manhattan,Brooklyn,theBronx,Queens,andStatenIsland—eachhavingitsownlifestyle.__3__(mo