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Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestarsSectionⅣ单元知识巩固重点单词重点短语重点句型话题写作重点单词1．violentadj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的①_________adv.猛烈地；凶猛地②_________n.暴力；暴行；激情③_____violence猛烈地；强有力地④take...___violence强夺……violentlyviolencewithby2．harmfuladj.有害的①beharmful___...对……有害②______n.&vt.伤害；损害③doharmtosb.＝dosb.harm___________④_________adj.无害的toharm对某人有害harmless3．existvi.存在；生存①exist___存在于……中②exist___靠……生活/生存③____________...存在……；有……④__________n.存在；生活⑤___existence现存的；现有的⑥come______existence产生；成立；开始存在inonThereexistsexistenceininto4．puzzlen．谜；难题vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难①___apuzzle感到困惑；不知如何是好②(be)apuzzle___sb.……对某人来说是个谜③puzzle__________冥思苦想；苦苦思索④________adj.令人迷惑的⑤________adj.感到迷惑的⑥bepuzzled_______对……迷惑不解intoabout/overpuzzlingpuzzledabout5．crashvi.&vt.碰撞；坠落n.(汽车的)撞车事故；(飞机的)失事；撞击声①crash___________...撞到……上/里②_____acrash轰隆一声into/ontowith6．pulln．&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力①pull____脱(衣、帽等)②pull_________康复；完成；使渡过难关③pull___(火车)进站；(船)靠岸；驶向路边停靠④pull___停车；停住⑤pull______拆毁offthroughinupdown重点短语1．intime及时；终于；迟早①intime作“____________”讲时，常单独使用，作状语②intime作“______”讲时，后常跟forsth.或todosth.2．inone'sturn轮到某人；接着①___turn依次；轮流；转而；反过来②___turns轮流；交替③taketurns______sth.轮流做某事④It'sone'sturn______sth.轮到某人做某事。终于，迟早及时inbytodotodo3．prevent...from阻止；制止①stop...from(doing)sth.____________②keep...from(doing)sth.____________③protect...from/against(doing)sth.________________________制止……阻止……保护……免受……伤害4．cheer(sb.)up感到高兴；感到振奋①cheersb.___(赛跑比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励某人；为某人加油②________adj.快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的③________n.欢呼；喝彩adj.令人振奋的；令人高兴的④_______int.(用于祝酒)干杯；再见；谢谢oncheerfulcheeringcheers5．nowthat______既然6．breakout突发；爆发①break______from脱离/挣脱……②break______出故障；坏掉；失败；(健康等)垮掉③break___插话；破门而入④break_____破门而入⑤break____打碎；结束7．watchout(for)密切注视；当心；提防①watch______照看；看守②keep___watch(for...)守望(……)；注视(……)awaydowninintoupovera重点句型1．what引导主语从句Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsago...［仿写］我们得不到的东西似乎比我们已经拥有的东西好。________________seemsbetterthanwhatwealreadyhave.Whatwecan'tget2．so...that...“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.［仿写］他学习如此努力以至于他取得了巨大进步。Heworked_____________hemadegreatprogress.sohardthat3．“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”复合结构Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.［仿写］他每天早晨6点起床，这已成为一种习惯。He______________________atsixeveryday.makesitahabittogetup4．whether引导主语从句和宾语从句Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.［仿写］我们是否要开一个会，还没有决定。_____________________________isnotdecided.Whetherwewillholdameeting5．原级比较的特殊句型：“as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as”Whenwegetclosertothemoon,weshallfeelitsgravitypullingus,butitwillnotbeasstrongapullastheearth's.［仿写］我希望你能给予他们鼓励，让他们和你们一样过着丰富多彩而充实的生活。Ihopeyoucangivethemencouragementtolive_______________________youdo.asrichandfullalifeas6．倍数表达法之一：“倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as...”ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.［仿写］众所周知，猫睡觉的时间比人长一倍。Asweallknow,catssleep___________________people.twiceasmuchas7．形容词作伴随状语，补充说明主语所处的状态Wewatched,amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth'sgravityincreased.［仿写］长途旅行之后，我们三人回到了家，又饿又累。Afterthelongjourney,thethreeofuswentbackhome,________________.hungryandtired话题写作Ⅰ.根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面句子。1．沿着河岸存在着许多重工厂。(thereexist；plant)__________________________________________________.2．有些已经对环境造成损害。(harm)__________________________________________________.3．去年，有家工厂曾经发生剧烈的爆炸。(violently)__________________________________________________.4．当地人们都陷入到恐慌中。__________________________________________________.ThereexistmanyheavyplantsalongtheriverSomehavedonegreatharmtotheenvironmentLastyear,oneofthemexplodedviolentlyThelocalpeoplegotintothepanic5．听到已经及时采取措施阻止污染的进一步恶化，他们都感到兴奋。(intime；prevent；cheerup)________________________________________________________________________________________________________.6．有可能明年这些重工厂要搬走。________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Hearingthatsomemeasureshavebeentakenintimetopreventthepollutionfromgettingbadtoworse,theyallcheerupThereisachancethattheseheavyplantswillbemovednextyearⅡ.将以上句子连成短文，要求衔接连贯、过渡自然。Onepossibleversion：Thereexistmanyheavyplantsalongtheriver,someofwhichhavedonegreatharmtotheenvironment.Lastyear,oneofthemexplodedviolently;asaresult,thelocalpeoplegotintothepanic.Hearingthatsomemeasureshavebeentakenintimetopreventthepollutionfromgettingbadtoworse,theyallcheerup.Moreimportantly,thereisachancethattheseheavyplantswillbemovednextyear.