2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of th

Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestarsSectionⅣGrammar名词性从句——主语从句1．(教材P25)_____itwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.2．(教材P25)Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclear________theshapewouldlastornot.Whatwhether3．(教材P26)_____isevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.4．(教材P26)Itwasnotimmediatelyobvious_____waterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.5．(教材P26)_____manyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.6．(教材P26)So________lifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.WhatthatWhatwhether在主从复合句中，充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。◆Howtheearthcameintoexistenceremainsamysterytous.地球是如何形成的对我们来说仍然是一个谜。◆Itworriedthewomanthathersonwasalwaysplayingcomputergames.儿子一直在玩电脑游戏，这让这位女士很担心。定义引导主语从句的连接词有三类：从属连词、连接代词和连接副词。1．连接词that和whether/if(1)that引导的主语从句◆Thatmyparentsalwaystreatmeasalittlechildmakesmeveryunhappy.我的父母总是像对待小孩子那样对我让我很不开心。引导主语从句的连接词◆Thatthecollegewilltakeinmorenewstudentsthisyearistrue.今年这所大学将招收更多新生是真的。(2)whether/if引导的主语从句◆Whetherhecanfinishhistaskontimeisofgreatimportance.他是否能按时完成他的任务非常重要。◆Whetherthesportsmeetingwillbeheldisnotcertainnow.运动会是否将举行现在还不确定。(1)that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接作用。(2)whether在从句中不充当任何成分，起连接作用，意为“是否”，不可省略。【即时演练1】——用适当的连接词填空①_____shewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.②________wewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.③_____shebecameafamousphysicistmadeherparentsveryhappy.④________wegotherebytrainorbyairmakesnodifference.ThatWhetherThatWhether2．连接代词引导主语从句连接代词引导主语从句，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。常见的连接代词有who,whose,whom,what,which,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever等。◆Whowillbringupthechildhasn’tbeendecidedyet.谁来抚养这个孩子还没有决定。◆Whichlifestyleisthemostbeneficialtoourhealthisstillunknown.还不知道哪种生活方式对我们的健康最有利。◆Whoeverlovestheirchildrenwillbelovedbytheirchildren.爱孩子的父母会被孩子爱。◆Whateveryoudoshoulddonoharmtoothers.无论你做什么都不应该伤害别人。【即时演练2】——用适当的连接词填空①_____movedmemostdeeplywasthedeeplovebetweentheboyandhisparents.②______partofthecountryhewilltraveltoneedsdiscussing.③_____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybody.④________wantstowintheelectionwillfacelotsofdifficulties.WhatWhichWhatWhoever3．连接副词引导主语从句连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因、方式等。连接副词有when,where,why,how等。◆Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.这本书如何销售取决于作者本人。◆Whereweshallhavethemeetingmakesnodifference.我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。主语从句中连接词的选择技巧：(1)根据连接词在从句中所作的语法成分。(2)根据连接词在从句中的意义。【即时演练3】——用适当的连接词填空①____weunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.②______thevaluablepaintingswerehiddenisstillamystery.③_____theywillhavethesportsmeetingisstillaquestion,fortheyhavesomanythingstodo.④____hewasabsentfromthemeetingremainsamystery.HowWhereWhenWhy4．主语从句与形式主语it有时为了考虑句子平衡，通常在含有主语从句的复合句中使用形式主语it,而将真正的主语从句移至句末。常见的用形式主语it的主语从句结构有：(1)Itbe＋名词词组＋主语从句．常用于这种句型的名词有apity,ashame,afact,anhonour,awonder,nowonder等。◆Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.她犯了这样一个错误，真是遗憾。(2)Itbe＋形容词＋主语从句．◆(2018·江苏卷)It’sstrangethatheshouldhavetakenthebookswithouttheowner’spermission.真奇怪，他居然没有得到主人的允许就把书拿走了。(3)Itbe＋过去分词＋主语从句．◆Itisbelievedthatatleast20buildingsweredamagedordestroyed.人们认为，至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉。(4)It＋不及物动词(happen,seem,appear,etc.)＋主语从句．◆IthappenedthatIhadbeenawaywhenhecalled.他打电话时，我碰巧不在家。(5)It＋及物动词＋宾语＋that从句．◆Itsurprisedmethatourparentswouldn’tliketoacceptnewthings.让我吃惊的是我们的父母不愿意接受新事物。【即时演练4】——用适当的连接词填空①It’sknown_____knowledgeistreasureandpracticeisthekeytosuccess.②Itremainstobeseen________theycantalkhimover.③It’sreported_____threepeoplewerekilledintheaccidentandfivewerebadlyhurt.thatwhetherthatⅠ用适当的连接词填空1．Itisobvioustothestudents_____theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.2．_____parentssayanddohasalife­longeffectontheirchildren.3．________TomwillwinthecomputercompetitionremainsasecrettillnextMonday.4．Itissuggested_____themeetingshouldbeputoff.thatWhatWhetherthat5．________we’llgocampingtomorrowornotdependsontheweather.6．________getstothehomefirststartscookingthesupper.7．____hegaveupthechanceofstudyingabroadisunknown.8．_____mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.9．Accordingtotherules,________failstoreturnthebooksontimewillhavetheiraccountsfrozen.10．_____Peterwonthefirstprizeinthefinalexaminationsurprisedallofus.WhetherWhoeverWhyWhatwhoeverThat11．_____movedmemostinthisfilmwasthattheboygaveallhismoneytothehomeless.12．________hewillattendthemeetingornottomorrowdependsonhistimeschedule.13．Itisagreatpity_____LiYong,afamoushostinCCTV,diedofcancerattheageoffifty.14．____hemanagedtofinishthetaskbyhimselfisstillamysterytome.15．_____hewillcomebackfromCanadaisn’tknown,soIwillcallhimuptochecktheexacttime.WhatWhetherthatHowWhenⅡ语法与写作1．使林先生兴奋的是读者给予他的新书很高的评价。__________________________wasthathisnewbookwashighlypraisedbyreaders.2．使张女士担心的事情是她的女儿没有回家。ItworriedMrs.Zhang_________________________________________．3．我们得不到的看起来比我们拥有的好。__________________seemsbetterthanwhatwehave.WhatmadeMr.Linexcitedthatherdaughterdidn’tcomebackhomeWhatwecan’tget4．这个计划是否会实施还不知道。Itisstillunknown____________________________________．5．谁将负责我们班级到目前为止还没确定。________________________________hasn’tbeendecided