2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of th

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestarsSectionⅣGrammar&Writing主语从句第一板块单元语法1．(教材P25)______itwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.2．(教材P25)Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclear________theshapewouldlastornot.3．(教材P26)______isevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.4．(教材P26)Itwasnotimmediatelyobviouswaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.WhatwhetherWhatthat5．(教材P26)_____manyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.6．(教材P26)So_______lifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.Whatwhether一、定义在主从复合句中充当主语的从句即为主语从句。◆Whatmadepeopleexcitedwasthatthesolarshiphadcompletedaround­the­worldtrip.让人们激动的是太阳能船已完成了环游世界的旅行。◆Itworriedthewomanthathersonwasalwaysplayingcomputergames.儿子一直在玩电脑游戏，这让这个女人很担心。二、主语从句的连接词及其用法功能1．连接词that和whether/if(1)that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，本身无任何意义，只起连接作用，但不可省略。◆Thatshesurvivedtheaccidentisamiracle.她在事故中幸免于难简直是奇迹。(2)whether/if在从句中不充当任何句子成分，起连接作用，意为“是否”，不可省略。◆Whethertheplanwillbecarriedoutisstillunknown.＝Itisstillunknownif/whethertheplanwillbecarriedout.这个计划是否会实施还不知道。［温馨提示］whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句中，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句中，前面需用it作形式主语。2．连接代词(who,whose,whom,what,which,whichever,whoever,whomever,whatever等)连接代词引导主语从句，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。◆Whichever(ofyou)comesinfirstwillreceiveaprize.无论(你们)谁先到都可以得奖。◆Whowillgototheconcertisnotknown.不知道谁会去听音乐会。◆Whateveryoudoinyoursparetimeshoulddonoharmtoothers.无论你在业余时间做什么都不应该伤害其他人。3．连接副词(when,where,how,why等)连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。◆Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。◆Whenwewillhaveameetingisanimportantquestion.我们何时举行会议是个重要的问题。◆WhereIspendmysummerholidayisnobusinessofyours.我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。［温馨提示］名词性从句引导词的确定步骤：(1)分析句式结构，明确名词性从句在句中的功能；(2)明确名词性从句所表达的意义；(3)明确名词性从句中所需要的成分及意义；(4)确定从句的引导词。三、主语从句中用it作形式主语的结构1．It＋be＋形容词(obvious,true,natural,strange,etc.)＋主语从句◆Itisimportantthatheshouldknowaboutthis.他应该知道此事是重要的。［温馨提示］在“It＋be＋形容词＋主语从句”结构中，若形容词为important/necessary/strange等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should)do”。2．It＋be＋名词词组(nowonder,anhonour,apity,a/nosurprise,etc.)＋主语从句◆It'sapitythathedidn'tcome.很遗憾他没来。3．It＋be＋过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,proved,etc.)＋主语从句◆Itissuggestedthatthemeetingbeputoff.有人建议会议延期召开。［温馨提示］在“It＋be＋过去分词＋主语从句”结构中，过去分词若为suggested/ordered/required/advised等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should)do”。4．It＋不及物动词(happen,seem,appear,remain,etc.)＋主语从句◆Itseemsthatitisgoingtorain.看起来好像要下雨。5．It＋及物动词＋宾语＋主语从句◆Itsurprisedhimwhytheycametovisithimsuddenly.让他吃惊的是他们为什么突然都来看他。四、主语从句中应注意的问题1．从句要用陈述语序◆Whatwewilldonextshouldbedecided.应该决定一下我们下一步该做什么。2．主谓一致(1)从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式。◆Wherehewillgetajobaftergraduationhaspuzzledhimmuch.毕业后到哪儿找份工作使他很困惑。［温馨提示］what引导主语从句并在从句中作宾语时，主句谓语动词应与主句中作表语或宾语的名词保持一致。◆Whattheschoolneedsmostarebooks.这所学校最需要的是书。(2)由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。◆Whentheywillstartandwheretheywillgohavenotbeendecidedyet.他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。◆Whenandwheretheywillholdthemeetingisnotclear.他们何时何地召开会议还不清楚。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．______willbeinchargeofthecompanyisamystery.2．_______wewillholdapartytomorrowdependsontheweather.3．_______carswillbeparkedinthefutureisaquestion.4．Itisveryimportant____astudentshouldlearnEnglishwell.5．____isapitythatyoumissedthefilm.WhoWherethatItWhether6．_______madeherhappywasthatshewonthegameinsuchanimportantmatch.7．_________breaksthelawshouldbepunished.8．________rolehewillplayinthefilmhasn'tbeenknown.9.___isreportedthatabout30volunteerswhoareatleast18yearsoldwillbechosenfromallovertheworldtogototheMars.10．_______hewillattendthemeetinghasexcitedeveryoneofus.WhatWhoeverWhatItThatⅡ.单句写作1．________________(人们相信)themoviewillbenotonlymeaningfulbutalsointeresting.2．_________________________(给我们印象最深的是)yourartskills,inwhichyoushowedoutstandingtalent.3．__________________________(我打算告诉你的)isaboutthebookdonationfromourschooltoyourChineseclass.ItisbelievedthatWhatimpressesusmostareWhatIamgoingtotellyou4．________________________(让我们最吃惊的是)thatthewatercanremainatthattemperatureforabouttwentyhours.5．_________________________(我们最需要的是)popularsciencebooks.WhatsurprisesusmostisWhatweneedmostareⅢ.语法填空(用适当的连接词填空)Everyoneknew1.____Wendywasafamouswriter,butnooneknew2.______shecamefromand3.________shewasbornin1961wasstillamystery.4._____theydidknowwas5.____shewaslovedbypoorpeoplebecauseshealwayshelped6.________wasinneedofmoney.Wendywasgenerousandhelpful,butsomepeoplethoughtshewaschasingfame.Wendysaidshedidn'tunderstand7.____theyweresonarrow­minded,butitdidn'tmatter8.____othersthoughtofher.Shejustwantedtodo9.________shethoughtwasright.Ithinkthatis10.______themeaningoflifelies.thatwhetherwhereWhatthatwhoeverwhywhatwhat(ever)where解决问题型说明文第二板块单元写作［文体感知］解决问题型说明文，就是针对某一问题提出具体的解决方法并进行适当论述，给读者提供知识，使之掌握解决问题的方法。此类作文的篇章结构如下：第一部分：提出问题或阐述某件事情的重要性；第二部分：列举说明处理某事的方式或解决某个问题的途径；第三部分：针对提出的解决方法进行简要评价，也可提出个人建议或选择，并阐述理由。［增分佳句］A．问题：1．Oneofthebiggestproblemsfacingtheworldtodayisglobalwarming.当今世界所面临的最大问题之一是全球变暖。2．Asweallknow,theglobalwatershortageisbecomingincreasinglyseveremainlyduetoglobalwarming.众所周知，主要由于全球变暖，全球水资源短缺问题正变得日益严重。