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Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestarsSectionⅡWarmingUp&Reading—LanguagePoints记单词记短语记句型3基础梳理记住新知识重点词汇基础词汇1.___________n．天文学2._________n．系统；体系；制度3.________n.学说；理论4.______n.原子5._______n.球体；地球仪；地球6.___________n.大气层；气氛7.____________adj.基本的；基础的astronomysystemtheoryatomglobeatmospherefundamental记住新知识重点词汇基础词汇8.___________vi.&vt.乘；增加9.__________n.氧10.________n.谜；难题vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难multiplyoxygenpuzzle记住新知识重点词汇拓展词汇11.________prep.与……不同；不像→likevt.喜欢prep.像；如同→likelyadj.可能的12._________adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violencen．暴力→violentlyadv.暴力地；猛烈地13.__________adj.有害的→harmn．&vt.伤害→harmlessadj.无害的14.______vi.存在；生存→existencen．存在；生存unlikeviolentharmfulexist重点短语1．____________太阳系2．________及时；终于3．___________冷却下来；变凉4．_________________对……(来说)是基本的5．_________下蛋6．___________产生；分娩7．__________轮到某人；接着8．______________阻止；制止solarsystemintimecooldownbefundamentaltolayeggsgivebirthtoinone'sturnprevent...from...重点句型1.what引导主语从句_____________________(随后它变成什么)wasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsago...2．so...that...“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句Theearthbecame_______________(如此激烈动荡以至于)itwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Whatitwastobecomesoviolentthat重点句型3.“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”复合结构Thisproducedachainreaction,which_________________________________(使生命的发展成为可能).4.whether引导主语从句和宾语从句So_________________________________(生命是否能在地球上延续)formillionsofyearstocomewilldependon_______________________________(这个问题是否能得到解决).madeitpossibleforlifetodevelopwhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved联想微空间1.“un”前缀高频形容词全接触①unlike与……不同；不像②uncertain不确定的③unclear不清楚的④uncomfortable不舒服的⑤unfair不公平的联想微空间2．“阻止/禁止某人做某事”的多种表达①preventsb.fromdoingsth.②prohibitsb.fromdoingsth.③stopsb.fromdoingsth.④bansb.fromdoingsth.⑤keepsb.fromdoingsth.⑥forbidsb.fromdoingsth.联想微空间3．盘点“ful”后缀形容词①harm→harmful有害的②hope→hopeful有希望的③help→helpful有帮助的④use→useful有用的⑤care→careful小心的研词汇析句型练拓展4要点透析1．violentadj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的(教材P25)Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.地球变得如此激烈动荡，以至于不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。［归纳拓展］(1)aviolentattack/storm猛烈的攻击/暴风骤雨(2)violentlyadv.猛烈地；凶猛地violencen.暴力；暴行；激情withviolence猛烈地；强有力地take...byviolence强夺……［基础训练］——单句语法填空/单句改错①Thewindblew__________(violent)andtheclimbershadtogiveup.②Theyoungmanwaschargedwithrobbery______violence.③Hewascaughtinaviolencestormyesterday.__________________violentlywithviolence→violent2．intime及时；终于；迟早(教材P25～26)Theywereintimetoproducecarbondioxide,nitrogen,watervaporandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth'satmosphere.它们最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。［归纳拓展］1intime作“终于，迟早”讲时，常单独使用，作状语。2intime作“及时”讲时，后常跟forsth./todosth.。［基础训练］——单句语法填空①Thecarcametoahaltjustintime____________(prevent)anaccident.②Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediatelysoastobereceivedintime_____Christmas.topreventfor［能力提升］——完成句子③只要不放弃，你总有一天会成功。______________________aslongasyoudon'tgiveup.Youwillsucceedintime［温馨提示］“time”相关短语荟萃：①fromtimetotime有时；偶尔②atatime每次；一次；在某时③innotime立刻；马上④atthesametime同时⑤atonetime一度；从前⑥atnotime绝不(置于句首时，句子常用部分倒装语序)3．harmfuladj.有害的(教材P26)Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。［归纳拓展］(1)beharmfulto...对……有害(2)harmn.&vt.伤害；损害doharmtosb.＝dosb.harm对某人有害(3)harmlessadj.无害的［基础训练］——单句语法填空/单句改错①Thisobjectgivesoff_________(harm)gaseswhichmaydoharm____ourhealth.Youmustmaketheobject________(harm)beforeyouuseit.②Yoursmokingcanbeharmfulforthehealthofyourchildren._________harmfultoharmlessfor→to［能力提升］——完成句子③这些天，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了严重的破坏。Thesedays,breakingtrafficrulesandlitteringarenotuncommon,________________________________________.doingseriousharmtolifeandtheenvironment4．existvi.存在；生存(教材P26)Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.它们也生蛋，在地球上存在了一亿四千多万年。［归纳拓展］(1)existin存在于……中existon靠……生活/生存Thereexists...存在……；有……(2)existencen.存在；生活inexistence现存的；现有的comeintoexistence产生；成立；开始存在［基础训练］——单句语法填空①Nooneknowswhensuchacustomfirstcameinto________(exist)．②Hefindsithardtoexist___themoneyhe'searning.③_______existedanobviousconflictbetweentheaccountsofthewitnesses,soajudgmentwasnotannouncedincourt.existenceonThere［能力提升］——完成句子④在我们学校，自行车的存放是一个长久以来就存在的问题。Theparkingplaceforbikes__________________________________inourschool.［温馨提示］exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。wasanexistingproblemforalongtime5．inone'sturn轮到某人；接着(教材P26)Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.于是，它们接着成了这个行星上最重要的动物。［归纳拓展］inturn依次；轮流；转而；反过来byturns轮流；交替taketurnstodosth.轮流做某事It'sone'sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事［基础训练］——单句语法填空①Theyhadtotaketurns_________(look)afterthepatients.②Nowthatwehavefinisheddesigning,thecompany,___itsturn,shoulddotheconstructingwork.③Ithinkit'smyturn___________(drive)thekidstoschoolthisweek.tolookintodrive［能力提升］——完成句子④人们使用自己的小汽车避免公共交通延误，反过来，这造成更多的问题。Peopletrytoavoidpublictransportationdelaysbyusingtheirowncars,andthis__________________________.［温馨提示］byturns是“交替，轮流”的意思，多指两个人或两个行为之间的交替进行；如果表示“按顺序”则应该用inturn。inturncreatesmoreproblems6．prevent...from阻止；制止(教材P26)Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheeart