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SectionⅡWarmingUp&Reading—LanguagePointsⅠ.单词拼写1．This______(理论)ishelpfultoexplainhowtheuniversebegan.2．Acrossthe_____(地球),sealevelvariesbyhundredsoffeet.3．Thelittleboyisinterestedin(天文学)．4．Heoftensaysthathedoesn'tbelieveinany(宗教)andonlybelievesinhimself.theoryglobeastronomyreligion5．(不像)hisbrother,heistalkativeandhasasenseofhumour.6．Ifyou(乘)twoandthree,youwillgetsix.7．Thebigprojecthascostalmostasmuchasone(十亿)dollars.8．(氧气)isakindofgasthatisnecessaryforanimalsandplantstolive.UnlikemultiplybillionOxygenⅡ.拓展词汇1．violencen．暴力→adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violentlyadv.猛烈地，激烈地2．harmn．伤害，损害→adj.有害的3.vi.存在；生存→existencen．存在4．n．谜；难题vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难→puzzledadj.迷惑的→puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的5．n．宗教；宗教信仰→religiousadj.宗教的，宗教信仰的violentharmfulexistpuzzlereligion[巧记单词]violently→violent＋lyharmful→harm＋ful派生词existence→exist＋enceⅢ.补全短语1．time及时；终于2．befundamental对……(来说)是基本的3．eggs下蛋4．givebirth产生；分娩5．one'sturn轮到某人；接着6．prevent...阻止；制止intolaytoinfrom1．[教材原句]Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.地球变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。[句型点拨]so...that...“如此……以至于……”。[佳句赏析]Thedoughfigurinehemadewassobeautifulthatwecouldn'twaittohaveatryourselves.他做的面人是如此漂亮，以至于我们迫不及待地想亲自试一试。2．[教材原句]Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.这就产生了一个连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。[句型点拨]makeit＋adj.＋todo。[佳句赏析]Thegirlknowsthreeforeignlanguages,whichmakesiteasierforhertofindagoodjob.这个女孩懂三门外语，这使她更容易找到一份好工作。3．[教材原句]Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。[句型点拨]what主语从句＋isthat表语从句。[佳句赏析]WhatIwanttosayisthatyoushouldgetupearlyeveryday.我想说的是每天你应该早点起床。4．[教材原句]Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.水对于生命发展起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。[句型点拨]Itisobviousthat...“很明显”。[佳句赏析]Itisobviousthatagoodlearninghabitcanhelpustospeeduptoreachourdestinations.显而易见，一个好的学习习惯能帮助我们尽快达到我们的目标。1．Theywereintimetoproducecarbondioxide,nitrogen，watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth'satmosphere.(P25)它们最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。★intime及时；终于；总有一天写出下列句中intime的含义①Andyknewhecouldnotreachthehouseintime.____②You'llsucceedintimebecauseyouarealwaysworkinghard.________③Workinghardmadehimsuccessfulintime.____innotime立刻；马上atnotime决不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装)atatime每次；一次atonetime曾经；一度atthesametime同时fromtimetotime有时；偶尔及时总有一天终于④__________Igrewcrazyaboutskating.However,Ifellontotheground_______________,butIknewthatIwould________beskilledifIlackofpractice.曾经我对滑冰十分痴迷。然而我却有时摔在冰面上，但是我知道如果缺乏训练我绝对不会熟练。Atonetimefromtimetotimeatnotime2．Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.(P26)很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。★harmfuladj.有害的(1)beharmfulto...对……有害(2)harmn.&vt.伤害；损害doharmtosb.＝dosb.harm伤害某人；对某人有害Thereisnoharmindoingsth.做某事没有坏处(3)harmlessadj.无害的；无辜的①Itisharmfultoyoureyestoreadbooksinthebus.在公共汽车上看书对你的眼睛有害。②Playingcomputergameswillnotonlydogreat____(harm)toyourphysicalhealth,butitisalso_______(harm)toyourmentalhealth.Sothereisnoharmin_______(advise)youtogiveitup.玩电脑游戏不仅对你的身体健康有害，而且对你的心理健康也有害，因此建议你放弃玩电脑游戏是没有害处的。③Thisexperimentwas________(harm)totheanimals.这个实验对动物无害。harmharmfuladvisingharmless3.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.(P26)它们也下蛋，在地球上存在了一亿四千多万年。★existvi.存在；生存(1)existin存在于……之中existon靠……为生Thereexists/existed...某地有……；存在……(2)existencen.存在；生存inexistence存在comeintoexistence产生；成立；开始存在①Theycan'texistonthemoneyhe'searning.他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。②Thereagoodwaytosolvetheproblematpresent.(exist)目前有一个解决现存问题的好办法。③Nooneknowswhensuchacustomfirstcameinto(exist)．没有人知道这种风俗是什么时候开始有的。[点津]exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。existsexistingexistence4．Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.(P26)于是，他们接着成了这个行星上最重要的动物。★inone'sturn轮到某人；接着inturn依次；轮流；反之；相应地byturns轮流；交替地taketurnstodosth.轮流做某事Itisone'sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事Itturns/turnedoutthat...结果……①Whenitisinmyturn,Iamtooexcitedtospeak.当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。②Ithinkit'smyturn(drive)thekidstoschoolthisweek.我想这周该轮到我开车送孩子们上学了。③Itturned___thatthisyoungmanwasnoneotherthantheoldman'sson.这位年轻人竟然是这位老人的儿子。todriveout5．Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.(P26)他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。★prevent...from阻止；制止stop...from...制止……keep...from...阻止……protect...from/against...保护……免受……伤害①Therewereliftsandescalatorsinalllargebuildingstopreventpeoplefromwalking.所有的高层建筑里都装有电梯和自动扶梯，以避免人们步行。②Wewereprevented/stopped/keptfrom(attend)ProfessorLi'slecturebytheheavyrain.大雨使我们没能参加李教授的演讲。③Hewearssunglassestoprotecthiseyes___________thestrongsunlight.他戴墨镜保护眼睛使其免受强烈阳光的伤害。[点津]短语prevent/stop/protect...from...中的from可以省略，keep...from...中的from不能省略。但在被动结构中，from均不可省略。attendingagainst/from6．Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.(P27)地球上生命的起源是科学家们难以解决的最大疑惑之一。★puzzlevt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难n.谜；难题；(游戏的)猜谜(1)puzzleover/aboutsth.苦苦思索/仔细琢磨……puzzlesth.out琢磨出……的答案(2)apuzzletosb.某人不懂beinapuzzle不知如何是好(3)puzzledadj.迷惑不解的(常用来修饰人或人的情、脸色、声音等)puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的(常用来